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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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FRENCH REVOLUTION
Major causes |
Resentment of absolute rule
People want a say so in government New ideas in the world (democracy, republics) France is in debt as a result of war and spending by the royal family. They tax the people Lack of food and jobs France cant take care of its people |
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Estates General
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Advisory board for the king
Made up of 3 estates representing French Population problem: each estate only had one vote |
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1st estate (1%)
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- clergy (Lower, Higher Clergy)
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2nd estate (1%)
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- Nobility (aristocrats)
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3rd estate (98%)
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- Middle class , working class, peasants
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National Assembly
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- members of 3rd estate and lower clergy from 1st estate go off and form the
- vow to write a constitution for France |
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Tennis court oath
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- swear not to leave the court they are meeting a till they have a constitution
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Bastille Day
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- large crowd gathered outside the bastille (old fortress, now prison and armory)
- They demand entrance into the bastille so they can get weapons for protection - The people stormed the bastille Result - allowed national assembly to write a constitution |
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Declaration of rights of man and citizen
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N.A. issued the civil constitution for the clergy
- put the roman catholic clergy in France under control of the French civil government French government would elect clergy and pay their salary |
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constitution of 1791
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- National Assembly was established as the legislative body of france
- Kings power is limited - End of the absolute monarchy and beginning of constitutional monarchy |
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2nd FRENCH REVOLUTION
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- mob of radical revolutionaries raided the royal palace and arrested king Louis the 16th
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September massacres
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a wave of violence which overtook Paris in late summer 1792, during the French Revolution. over 1200
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Sans – Culottes
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- nickname for the radical revolutionaries
- refers to the long pants the working class wore |
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French First Republic
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proclaimed the (First) Republic on 21 September 1792 as a result of the French Revolution and of the abolition of the French monarchy. This presaged a new era of republican government(s) in Europe
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Reign of Terror
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- anyone suspected of being an enemy to the republic was arrested and beheaded
- autumn of 1793 and summer of 1794 |
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Guillotine
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- Instrument of decapitation
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The Committee of public safety
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- 12 men led by maximillien Robespierre
- Determined who is an enemy of the republic Reign of terror and the committee are responsible in 40,000 deaths in a short time. |
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maximillien Robespierre
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leader of comittee of public safety
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maximillien Robespierre
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had gone too far and was arrested as an enemy of the republic and was beheaded
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- Thermidorean Reaction
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- 3rd phase
- Reaction to the violence - Driven by moderate middle class |
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The Constitution of 1795
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- all adult males who could read and write were allowed to vote
- 2nd house legislative system - The directory served as Executive body of France - 5 members elected by legislative Assembly |
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directory
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served as Executive body of France
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result of Constitution of 1795
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- people are upset and they begin to protest and gather in the streets
- French military marches to meet people - Crowd got out of hand and a young general ordered cannons to fire into the crowd - The young general was Napolean Bonaparte |
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Napolean Bonaparte
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- Born 1769 in Corsica
- Became General at age 26 - Very popular among his troops - Married Josephine |
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First Consul (Ruler of France)
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- 1799 Napoleon overthrew the Directory
- Declared himself this |
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Consul for life
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- 1802 Napoleon declared himself
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Emperor of France
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- 1804 Napolean declares himself
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Josephine
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Napolean's wife
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- Third Coalition
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- England, Austria. Russia alliance to stopping Napoleon
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confederation of the Rhine
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after - Napoleon defeated Austrian and Russian armies
Result: - Napoleon in control of central Europe - Created this consisted of the Germanic territories formerly ruled by the Holy Roman Empire - Did away with the Holy Roman Emperor - Ruled by Napoleon |
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Treaty of Tilsit
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after defeating prussia n 3 weeks - Napoleon needed an ally in Europe
- Russia help - 1807 alliance between France (Napoleon) and Russia (Alexander I) - Napoleon agreed not to take Russian land - Russia agreed to enforce a continental Blockade (refuse trade with England) |
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Marie Louise
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Napoleon divorced Josephine
Napoleon married Daughter for Austrian Emperor Francis I (Former H.R.E.) which - Gave Napoleon’s children connection to royal family |
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Alexander I
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- Czar who began to ignore the Treaty of Tilsit
- Napoleon was not happy and he began to plan an invasion of Russia |
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BATTLE OF BORODINO
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- 1812
- West of Moscow (Russian capital) - Very Bloody Battle - Battle was a draw |
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Elba
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after - European allies invaded France
- Napoleon surrendered -he was Exiled to island |
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THE HUNDRED DAYS war
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- Feb. 1815
- Napoleon escaped from Elba - Took control of French Army - England and Prussia joined forces |
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battle of Waterloo
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- napoleon was defeated here by Eng, Duke of Wellington
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Island of St. Helena
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- Napoleon was exiled here and stayed till his death 1821
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Congress of Vienna
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- October 1814 – June 1815
- England, Austria, Russia, Prussia - Reaction to Napoleon’s dominance of Europe Austria given control of Northern Italian States - Lombardy and Venetia Prussia given new territory - Half of Saxony and Rhineland (near French Border Russia gained control of kingdom of Poland Congress of Vienna - Creation of the German Confederation - Replaced the Holy Roman Empire and confederation of the Rhine - 39 Germanic States - Prussia and Austria: Two dominant states - Assembly met in Frankfurt - Constitutional Monarchy restored to power in France - King Louis 18th (Bourbon) |
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Nationalism
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belief that people in one area or nation are connected by a common language, history, customs, and culture.
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Treaty of Tilsit
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after defeating prussia n 3 weeks - Napoleon needed an ally in Europe
- Russia help - 1807 alliance between France (Napoleon) and Russia (Alexander I) - Napoleon agreed not to take Russian land - Russia agreed to enforce a continental Blockade (refuse trade with England) |
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Marie Louise
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Napoleon divorced Josephine
Napoleon married Daughter for Austrian Emperor Francis I (Former H.R.E.) which - Gave Napoleon’s children connection to royal family |
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Alexander I
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- Czar who began to ignore the Treaty of Tilsit
- Napoleon was not happy and he began to plan an invasion of Russia |
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BATTLE OF BORODINO
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- 1812
- West of Moscow (Russian capital) - Very Bloody Battle - Battle was a draw |
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Elba
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after - European allies invaded France
- Napoleon surrendered -he was Exiled to island |
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THE HUNDRED DAYS war
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- Feb. 1815
- Napoleon escaped from Elba - Took control of French Army - England and Prussia joined forces |
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battle of Waterloo
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- napoleon was defeated here by Eng, Duke of Wellington
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Island of St. Helena
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- Napoleon was exiled here and stayed till his death 1821
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Congress of Vienna
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- October 1814 – June 1815
- England, Austria, Russia, Prussia - Reaction to Napoleon’s dominance of Europe Austria given control of Northern Italian States - Lombardy and Venetia Prussia given new territory - Half of Saxony and Rhineland (near French Border Russia gained control of kingdom of Poland Congress of Vienna - Creation of the German Confederation - Replaced the Holy Roman Empire and confederation of the Rhine - 39 Germanic States - Prussia and Austria: Two dominant states - Assembly met in Frankfurt - Constitutional Monarchy restored to power in France - King Louis 18th (Bourbon) |
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Nationalism
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belief that people in one area or nation are connected by a common language, history, customs, and culture.
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Liberalism
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a nation could best serve the people with an elected body of representatives or parliament.
- against the idea of absolute rule |
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Conservatism
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people were best represented by a king or Emperor.
- against rule by elected body. |
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July revolution – 1830
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the overthrow of King Charles X, the French Bourbon monarch due to his abuse of power
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king Louis XVIII
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- 1814-1824- king who ruled France
- 1824- died and Replaced by Charles x |
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King CHarles X
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replaced Louis xviii and issude the July Ordinances
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july ordinances
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issued by king Charles x. It brought back ideas of absolute rule
restricted freedom of press witted elections to wealthy people began to riot Charles x abdictaded (gave up power) and throne and fled france July 1830 French liberals look for a new king |
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King Louis Phillipe
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Liberal bourbon popular among people – supported a constitutional monarchy
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industrialization
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the process of converting to a socioeconomic order in which industry is dominant.
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Proletarianization
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the entry of workers into a wage economy and their gradual loss of significant ownership of the means of production, such as tools and equipment and their loss of specialization.
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Karl Marx
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born in Prussia from middle class family
exiled from Berlin because of his radical views. |
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Freidrich Engels
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met Karl Marx in London and wrote communist manifesto
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communist manifesto
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- written by Marx and Engels in 1848
expressed ideas against capitalism for the rise of communism |
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Capitalism
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economy is driven by private ownership and competition
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Socialism
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no private ownership, goods are distributed to the people by the work done by each individual
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Communism
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no private ownership, goods are distributed equally to the people
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Marx and Engels stage theory of history
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- Barbarism to Feudalism to capitalism to socialism to communism.
- Socialism = transition from capitalism to communism - Communism = ultimate stage of society - Capitalism = struggle between classes |
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France- 1848- year of revolution
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France in economic trouble.
Liberaly claimed Philippe wasn’t liberal enough Result people revolted Philippe left his throne End of constitutional monarchy in France |
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Second French republic
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elected Louis Napoleon president
Louis napoleon took control of govt. and declared himself Emperor Napoleon III End of 2nd French republic beginning of the 2nd French empire ( 1852-1870) |
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Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
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president of second french republic
took control of govt. and declared himself Emperor |
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Italian states and Liberal Revolution
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- Italian peninsula divided into various independent kingdoms- ruled by absolute monarchies.
- Nationals and unification popular - 1848 King Charles Albert of Sardinia- piedmont attempted to unify italy - Defeated by Antriaus |
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Roman Republic
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Papal States
central italy ruled by pope (absolute power) capital is Rome created by liberals in Rome ruled by elected assembly constitution to be used as a model fro future Italian unification 1848 popes prime minister is assassinated Pope leaves Rome |
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pope regained power in papal states
Liberal efforts at reform and unification had failed in the Italian Kingdoms |
france and defeated Roman Republic
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Friedrich Wilhiem IV
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Prussian king pressured by liberals
Called for national assembly and constitution Dec 1848, grew tired of liberals and got rid of assembly |
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Frankfurt Parliament (1848)
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- National Assembly representing states of the German confed.
Goal - constitution for a unified Germany |
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Problem: caught in power between Prussia and Austria
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- March 1849 – constitution passed by Frankfurt parl.
- Govt. of unified Germany would be a Constitutional monarchy. - German emperor would come from Prussia - April 1849: Frankfurt Parl Offers crown of a unified Germany to Prussian king Friedrich Wilheim IV. - Friedrich refused crown Why? - does not want to be a part of a liberal govt. Result - Liberal efforts at reform and unification had failed in Germanic states. |
