Hist Quiz #2

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Half Way Covenant

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-alternative for full church members

-adults had been baptized but not yet saved

-partial status to those who strived to obey God

-didnt have to take communion and children could be baptized

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Jonathan Edwards

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-Credited for starting the First Great Awakening
-Sermon "Sinners in the Angry Hands of God"
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Great Awakening

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-1720s-60s
-increased religious activity in New England
-converted whites and blacks; enslaved and free
-welcomed blacks as preachers

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Artisans

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-is a skilled manual worker who crafts items that may be functional or strictly decorative, including furniture, clothing, jewelry, household items, and tools

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Tobacco

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-Could only be shipped to Britian or British colonial ports, not to foreign countries such as France and Spain.
-"enumerated" products

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Colonial Assemblies

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The Assemblies had a variety of titles, such as: House of Delegates, House of Burgesses, or Assembly of Freemen. They had several features in common. Members were elected by the propertied citizens of the towns or counties
-1750 banned importation of slaves with exception of S. Carolina and Georgia

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Franchise/Sufferage

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-The right to vote
-Granted to free white men

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Seven Years War (French Indian War)

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-1754-1763 starting in Oho Valley, had to rid the French defeat Indians on the Ohio RIver and overtake Pennsylvania's competing charter claims.

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Proclamation of 1763

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ended the French and Indian war

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Sugar Act

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Greenville decided that Americas should pay more taxes because they benefited from the Seven Years War and continued to drain the governments budget for administrative and military costs
-wanted to raise revenue rather then regulate trade
-first time colonists wanted a say in how much they were taxed

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Stamp Act/Riots/Congress

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-was a tax imposed by the British Parliament on the colonies of British America. The act required that many printed materials in the colonies carry a tax stamp.[1] The purpose of the tax was to help pay for troops stationed in North America following the British victory in the Seven Years' War. The British government felt that the colonies were the primary beneficiaries of this military presence, and should pay at least a portion of the expense

- resistance in the colonies. It was seen as a violation of the right of Englishmen to be taxed only with their consent—consent which could only be granted through their colonial legislatures. Colonial assemblies sent petitions of protests, and the Stamp Act Congress, reflecting the first significant joint colonial response to any British measure, also petitioned Parliament and the king.

-Tax was never officially collected

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Townshed Duties

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-series of acts passed beginning in 1767 by the Parliament of Great Britain relating to the British colonies in North America

-purpose was to raise revenue in the colonies to pay for governors and judges who would be independent of colonial control

-and to establish the precedent that the British Parliament had the right to tax the colonies

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Coercive Acts "Intolerable Acts"

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-Laws passed by British which sparked the American Revolution
-Colonists viewed as violations of their rights
-Lead to the development of first continental congress

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Tea Act

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-Boston Mas. Throwing Tea into the Harbor
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First and Second Continental Congress

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-met on September 5, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution.
-Congress met briefly to consider options, an economic boycott of British trade, publish a list of rights and grievances, and petition King George for redress of those grievances.

-the Second Continental Congress was convened the following year to organize the defense of the colonies at the onset of the American Revolutionary War.

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Lord Dunmore's order on Slaves (Nov. 1775)

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-offered the first large-scale emancipation of slave and servant labor in the history of colonial British America.

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Declaration of Independence

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is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson.

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republican ideology

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-stresses liberty and rights as central values, makes the people as a whole sovereign, rejects inherited political power, expects citizens to be independent in their performance of civic duties, and is strongly inclined against corruption

-republicanism asserts that people have inalienable rights that cannot be voted away by a majority of voters

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liberty

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-is a concept of political philosophy and identifies the condition in which an individual has the right to act according to his or her own will.

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natural rights

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-are rights which are not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of a particular society or polity

- James Madison believed that some rights, such as trial by jury, are social rights, arising neither from natural law nor from positive law but from the social contract from which a government derives its authority

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Thomas Paine

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Common Sense: case for Independence
-wanted to demonstrate that the time for compromised had passed, that the proper course was to shed the British monarchy and aristocracy to create an American republic.

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Thomas Jefferson

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principle author of the Declaration of Independence

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Patriots/Whigs & Loyalists Tories

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-Loyalists/Tories-Loyalists were British North American colonists who remained loyal subjects of the British crown during the American Revolution. They were also called Tories, King's Men, or Royalists.

-Patriots/Whigs- supported the Revolution, were called Patriots, Whigs, Rebels, Congress Men, or, in view of their loyalty to the new United States of America, just Americans. These men were colonists of the British Thirteen Colonies who rebelled against the British control during the American Revolution and declared themselves an independent nation, the United States of America in July 1776. Their rebellion was based on the political philosophy of republicanism.

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Articles of Confederation

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- first constitution of the thirteen United States of America

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state constitutions

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-the day-to-day relationships between government and the people

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Land Ordiances of 1785

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-Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress did not have the power to raise revenue by direct taxation of the inhabitants of the United States. Therefore, the immediate goal of the ordinance was to raise money through the sale of land in the largely unmapped territory west of the original colonies acquired from Britain at the end of the Revolutionary War.
-Land was to be systematically surveyed into square "townships"

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Republicanism (as an ideology)

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-is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, where the head of state is appointed by other means than hereditary, often elections

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emancipation and abolition movements

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-was a movement to end the slave trade and emancipate slaves in western Europe and the Americas

- rationalist thinkers of the Enlightenment criticized it for violating the rights of man, and Quaker and other evangelical religious groups condemned it as un-Christian

-The importation of African slaves was banned in the British colonies in 1807, and in the United States in 1808

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Northwest Ordinances

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- it established the precedent by which the United States would expand westward across North America by the admission of new states, rather than by the expansion of existing states

-banning of slavery in the territory

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Shays's Rebellion

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-american Revolutions final battle

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Constitutional Convention (philadelphia 1787)

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- James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, was from the outset to create a new government rather than "fix" the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the convention. The result of the Convention was the United States Constitution. The Convention is one of the central events in the history of the United States.

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Federalists vs Antifederalists

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Feds- crafted the Constitution of 1787 to shift power from the states to the central government.

anti-feds- fought the new constitution despite the "great compromise" which provided states equal representaion in the Senate regardless of their size.

-Feds prevailed by 11 states and started working on a new government, republican