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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Minerals. |
The building blocks of rocks. |
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What is a lattice structure? |
A repeating 3D arrangement of atoms/molecules. |
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What are 3 main mineral classes? |
Silicates, Carbonates, Halides |
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Define Rocks. |
Accumulation of 1 or more minerals. |
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What are the three main rock classes? |
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic |
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Define Igneous rocks. |
Rocks that are cooled and crystallized from melted rock. |
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Fine-grained/Small crystals are... Fast or slow cooling? Above ground or below? |
Fast cooling Above ground |
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Coarse-grained/Large crystals are... Fast or slow cooling? Above ground or below? |
Slow cooling Below ground |
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Glassy/No crystals are... Fast or slow cooling? Above ground or below? |
Fast cooling Above ground |
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What does the rate of cooling control/tell you about Igneous rocks? |
It controls crystal size and tells you whether it was cooled above ground or below ground. |
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Define Sedimentary rock. |
Rock formed from sediments (bits and pieces of other rocks and/or organic material such as mud, sand, gravel, leaves, etc.) |
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Sediments come from... |
Weathering - chemical and physical break down by wind and water Transportation - movements of sediments by wind and water Deposition - on beaches, rivers, floodplain, oceans, etc. |
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How do Sedimentary rocks reconstruct earth's history? |
They indicate past environments of deposition. Almost all fossils are also found in sedimentary rocks. |
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Define Metamorphic rocks. |
Rocks that are changed under increased temperature and pressure. They are cooked but not melted. |
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Define contact metamorphism. |
"Cooking" near a magma body. |
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List 3 examples of Igneous rocks. |
Peridotite, Basalt, Granite |
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List 5 examples of Sedimentary rocks. |
Shale, Sandstone, Conglomerate, Limestone, Chalk |
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List 3 examples of Metamorphic rocks. |
Greenstone, Slate (from shale), Marble (from limestone) |
