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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ptoleny |
geocentric universe, 10 spheres in earth, planets orbit around, elsewhere= heaven, stars, planets and moon made of ethereal matter |
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Copernicus |
heliocentric universe, earth spins on axis, goes around sun |
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Brahe |
new astronomical instruments, telescopes, gave info to Kepler |
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Kepler |
3 laws of planetary motions 1. elliptical orbits of planets 2. speed varies due to proximity to sun 3. revolution of planet varies due to distance to sun |
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galileo |
perfected telescoped, craters & rocks on moon--> earthly matter, what causes the spin and orbit around sun? |
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Newton |
invented calculus, principles of natural philosophy, gravity= mathematical proof of universes's workings |
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Big Bang Theory |
13.8 billion years ago, cosmic explosion of energy, time, space; energy expands out which allows for cooling; electronically charged cool and forms molecule, stars created, radiation era, H2 and He formed |
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primordial cosmic soup |
photons (light created in high heat), electrons,protons, gravity as result of cosmic explosion |
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Edwin hubble |
spectroscope= break light into frequency, other galaxies, universe expanding at faster rate |
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doppler effect |
sounds closer= high and fast sounds father= low and slow |
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absorption lines |
light travels through elements (absorb @ different frequencies), H2, He= majority of elements |
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cosmic background radiation |
something detectable from explosion |
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Robert dilke |
radio telescope, fins small hum which cannot be eliminated |
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gravity |
acts b/w all objects, if mass increases force increases, if distance increases force decreases |
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Einstein |
gravity affects matter and energy, expansionary force from Big Bang vs. gravity--> multiple galaxies, e= m^x2 , |
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stars |
atoms pulled together by gravity, tighter denser, compacted, hotter, formed by nuclear fusion= enormous amount of energy and heat, hydrogen bombs |
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nuclear fusion |
protons from hydrogen fuse together to create ++ nuclear force, immense heat and energy, |
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galaxiES |
born from clouds of hydrogen and helium, billions of stars held by gravity |
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chemical elements |
92 naturally occurring, combo of 1+ = all matter on earth, 24 from small stars, rest= supernovae deaths, absorbs light at different frequencies |
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supernova |
giant star w/ no more energy, gravity takes over, causes collapse into oneself= explodes, temps reach ultimate height, allows all other elements to be created, blasted out from space |
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universe |
plasma, mush of energy, no structure, temps fall--> neutral atoms |
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solar system |
area where large stars and supernovas already dies, left behind chemical elements, formations of meteors, comets, etc |
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orbiting telescopes |
mobile observatories, Sputnik, UHUR/ CHANDRA= use of x-ray technology, proof of black holes, HUBBLE |
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radiometric dating |
date materials on moon, mars, etc |
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sun |
ordinary star, formed by gravity, He, nuclear fusion, 5 billion years ago, continue for 4/5 billion, formed in area rich in supernova explosions |
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solar nebula |
8 levels, flattened, rotating, disks of matter, gust, gases ; inner rings= higher heat/ terrestrial planets; outer= gasesous |
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Terrestrial planets |
mercury, venus, mars, earth |
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accretion |
process of elements collision and interaction, all levels of orbits, stellar objects grow in size, particles of dust/matter--> rocks--> meteorites--> proto-planets |
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t tauri winds |
star stabilizes and blasts gas comes out of newly formed star, lighter gases pushed farther away into outer orbits of sun |
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gaseous planets |
own nebula: jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, |
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aestroids |
remnants of proto planets w/in 1st four orbits, pushed out by t tauri winds and broken |
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earth |
millions of yrs of accretion/ violent processes, craters, mountains, trenches, result from collisions w/ meteorites and other rock matter |
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early earth |
rocky materials, metals, trapped gases, frequent collisions |
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Haden Eon |
massive volacano field on earth, poisonous atmosphere, high levels of radiation, no oxygen, greenhouse effect, lingering radiating from supernovae, pressure, heat from accretion |
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earth's core @ 4 billon yrs |
heavier elements, iron, nickel, gives magnetic field, deflects margin of UV rays |
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crust, @ 4 billon yrs |
thinnest outer layer, oceanic ( 5 miles thick) + continental ( 25 miles thick), rocky materials
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mantle @ 4 billon yrs |
80%, semi-molten rock, lava, sludge |
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Alfred Wegner |
theory of continental drift, aligned mountain ranges, compared fossils, strata |
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seafloor spreading |
materials from core bubble up and form new lining |
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divergent boundaries |
2 move away; oceans and seas formed |
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convergent boundaries |
2 plates collide--> mountains |
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transform boundaries |
2 plates grind against, fault lines, earthquakes |
