Hist 532: Cuba Terms (Economic Activities)

Front 1

reducciónes

Back 1

relocated settlements of Indians near Spanish towns

Front 2

blanquear

Back 2

to whiten Cuba

Front 3

Colonial covenant

Back 3

the idea that the planter class will defend colonialism as long as Spain is able to protect their interests; similar to a pact.

Front 4

Era of Good Treatment

Back 4

1850s, with the transport of slaves now illegal Cuban landowners began to be ‘nicer’ to their slaves because they determine that it is more economically beneficial to maintain them and their health (so that they could reproduce more slaves) rather than kill them off and be forced to purchase new ones.

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Caste War of Yucatan

Back 5

war among early Native Americans and the Cuban landowning class. Results in the complete deforestation of Indian homelands for sugar production and the sale of Indians to Cuban sugar producers

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Papel Periódico de La Habana

Back 6

commenced in 1791 to publish agriculture and local interests

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‘africanization of Cuba’

Back 7

the domination of African slaves and free people of color according to reported population figures in the census of 1841.

Front 8

‘The social bandit’

Back 8

victim of some form of oppression, who strikes back with behavior than can be interpreted as criminal or criminal activity.

Front 9

‘Labor Aristocracy’

Back 9

termed used to characterize Cuban cigar producers. They were quasi-professionals because their occupations entailed a notable amount of skill, but were not in the category of “normal” professions.

Front 10

Colombian World Fair/Exposition

Back 10

exposé held in 1892-1893 in Chicago. Displayed a country’s progess via technological advancements or skills. Cubans are mortified because they are attached to agriculture and fall behind other countries in terms of technology and skills.

Front 11

Hurricanes 1844-1846

Back 11

destroyed coffee zones, replaced with sugar (final blow: 1848, U.S. raises duties on sugar).

Front 12

Refaccionista

Back 12

money lender to planters.

Front 13

Bourbon Reformation

Back 13

in order to more fully control the economy of their overseas empires, these jerks appointed overseers to each of the colonies. In specific, they appointed a string of Peninsulares to govern the Cuban island. However, this was a benefit for Cuba, since the new governor helped to boost the economy.

Front 14

Theory of Political Gravitation

Back 14

idea started by John Quincy Adams (1823) stating that when Cuba “fell” from Spain, it couldn’t help but “fall” into U.S.

Front 15

El Siglo

Back 15

party newspaper of reformists

Front 16

Panic of 1857

Back 16

high tariff rates (U.S.) due to a recession, results in the migration of Cuban cigar manufacturing centers to Key West. Signifies flight of Cuban industry.

Front 17

Emancipation with Indemnification

Back 17

reimbursement from Spain for emancipated slaves - would allow farmers to recoup some of loss/buy equipment.

Front 18

Cabnas y Carvajal

Back 18

Cabnas y Carvajal

Front 19

Asociacion de Tabaqueros de La Habana

Back 19

est. 1866: first trade union

Front 20

Moret Law of 1870

Back 20

gave conditional freedom to children of slaves born after 1870. Those children subject to “tutelage” (patronado) of their former slave-owners until 18.

Front 21

Patronato (patrocinados)

Back 21

practice of having the slaves undergo an apprenticeship under their masters to learn a trade before being freed.

Front 22

Independentismo

Back 22

nationalist movement of enormous popular vitality and political vigour. spirit of not wanting to be owned by anyone, including the U.S.

Front 23

Reconcentrados

Back 23

re-concentration camps that killed an estimated 300,000 Cubans. Held the families of the Cuban fighters.

Front 24

“Dance of the Millions”

Back 24

when the Cubans were raking it in because the price of sugar was so high during in WWl (peaked at 22.5 cents/lb). Caused a crisis of port congestion since not enough ships could get into the harbors.

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“El Crac”

Back 25

the bottom fell out on the sugar prices (2 cent/lb) from 1919-1920 and Cubans once again had massive debt.

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Sugar in the 1920s

Back 26

sugar is all over the island, Cubans are fully dependent on their monoculture item, lots of Haitian and Jamaican workers are brought in to harvest, when “el crac” occurs, planters default and their farms pass to Americans and Cuban banks default.

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Good Corruption

Back 27

taking the money that is gained through illicit presidential practices and re-investing it into the Cuban economy. Machado did this.

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Bad Corruption

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taking the money that is gained through illicit presidential practices and investing the money abroad or in Florida. Since Machado had to leave in a hurry and couldn’t access his wealth, the later presidents invested their wealth elsewhere so that they wouldn’t be broke when they got kicked out of office.

Front 29

Phenomenon of Remittances

Back 29

permits families to send money from the US to Cuba. Because the majority of the Cubans who immigrated were white, and therefore sent money to their white relatives still in Cuba, the whites in Cuba once again began to rise to the top.

Front 30

Revolutionary Offensive

Back 30

in 1968, the Cuban government nationalizes everything and this has catastrophic economic consequences. It also really pisses off the American and foreign investors.

Front 31

Import Substitution

Back 31

Batista’s attempt to bolster the flagging Cuban economy by growing thhings that the cubans used to import. His efforts began in 1953 and began with rice. Governmentt gave out low interest loans to farmers who committed to growing rice. The Americans freaked out. When the loans were suspended/collected in 1957-8, the former rice producers funneled their money toward the 26th of July movement.

Front 32

Helms-Burton Law

Back 32

extension of the US embargo on cuba

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Crisis of Spare Parts

Back 33

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