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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alfred Thayer Mahan
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1840-1914
-sea power, strength of a nations navy was the key to strong foreign policy. -Influence of Sea Power Upon History -armed aggressiveness -naval buildups, in england, germany and japan set stage for WWI |
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Henry Walleck
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1815-1872 known as Old Brains, Union army general. Good administrator bad field commander, ineffective strategist.
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Office Of Naval Intelligence
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ONI 1882-present seek out and report advancement of other nations navies. began in earnest with the spanish american war. oldest member of the US intelligence community, general order 292.
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Jackson's Valley Campaign
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1862. strategic diversion to draw strength from McClellan's advance on Richmond. Shenandoah valley was important to the confederates as a source of provisions and as a route for invading the north. preventing them from reinforcing the union offensive against richmond.
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stephen b luce
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1827-1917. education was a way to harness technology. Luce influenced a generation of officers by playing a crucial roles in military education. worked with sherman and Upton to establish an army postgraduate school system.
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General Staff Act
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1903. initiated by secretary of war elihu root provided the Army with a central planning body. chaotic mobilization for the spanish american war 1898. replaces the commanding general with an army chief of staff who was the principle adviser to the secretary of war.
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Emory Upton
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1839-1881. Army General and military strategist, prominent for his role in leading infantry attack entrenched positions Spotsylvania Court House. excelled at artillery and cavalry assignments. military policy of the united states analyzed american military policies and practices posted posthumously 1904, tremendous effect on the US army.
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Shiloh
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1862. aka Battle of Pittsburg Landing major battle in the western theater of the american civil war. SW tennessee. confederates forced to retreat from the bloodiest battle in US history ending their hopes that htey could block the union advance into northern mississippi.
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Expansible Army
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1820ish. congress called upon the Sec. War. to report on a plan for the reduction of the army to 6k men. times of war army could quickly be expanded to a force 19k. retention of a prop. larger officer cadre would allow the army to expand more rapidly upon the approach of war. key milestone on the road to recognizing that hte regular army and its officer corps was the first line of defense rather than relying on hastily trained militia.
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emancipation proclamation
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1862. consists of 2 executive orders issued by pres. Lincoln. declared freedom of all slaves in any state of the the Confederate states of America that did not return to union control by Jan. 1, 1863. second order anmed ten specific stateswhere it would apply. proclamation did not name the slave holding border states which had never declared a secession and so it did not free any slaves. provided the framework for the emancipation of nearly all four million slaves as the union army advanced, and committed the union to ending slavery.
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William R. Schaffer
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1835-1906. union army officer during the american civil war received the highest military decoration MEdal of Honor for his actions at the battle of fair oaks. Major general in the span. american war informally known as "pecos bill".
oversaw the supplying of the expedition to the philippines under MG Merritt. |
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Plan Orange
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1919-1941. refers to a series of US joint army and navy board plans dealing with a possible war with japan during the interwar years. predicated on the idea of fighting Japan alone, anticipated a withholding of supplies from the philippines and other US outposts in the pacific. Japanese navy developed counter plan to allow the pacific fleet to sail across the pacific while using submarines to weaken it. US strategy ultimately choked Japans industrial production and japan notably failed to institute an anti commerce campaign themselves.
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Anaconda Plan
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1861. plan to subdue the succeeding states in the american civil war and because blockade would be rather passive it likened it to the coils of an anaconda suffocating its victim. Winfield Scott blockade of southern ports, advance down the Mississippi to cut the south in two. all ports in seceding states rigorously blockaded, Mississippi river as a highway to thrust completely through the confederacy. culminating battle would be for forts below New orleans, when they fell river would be in federal hands from North to South rebellion would be cut into 2.
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Philippine Insurrection
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1899-1902 armed military conflict between Philippines and US. continuation of hte Philippine struggle for independence. 1916 US granted Philippines autonomy and promised the eventual self government 1934 and eventual independence 1946.
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George Dewey
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1837-1917. Admiral of the USN "hero of manila" best known for his victory (w/o a single loss of life due to combat) at the battle of manila bay during the spanish american war. only person to attain the rank of Admiral of the Navy. Dewey Medal named in his honor.
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Punitive Expedition
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1916-1917. officially known as MExican expedition, military operation conducted by USArmy against paramilitary forces of Pancho Villa. Retaliation for Villas illegal incursion into the US and attack on the village of Columbus, NM. Bulk of american forces withdrawn Jan 1917. publicly touted the expedition as a success, privately complained that wilson had imposed too many restrictions.
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William Mitchell
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1879-1936. Father of the US air force, led the american air effort during WWI. 1916 appointed head of the army's aviation section. end of war made brigadier general, and was awarded distinguished service cross and distinguished service medal. demanded that air force have a separate role.
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Meuse-Argonne Offensive
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1918. AKA battle of argonne forest. part of the final allied offensive of WW1 stretched along the entire western front. lumped together with what is called the great offensive. some consider it probably the bloodiest battle in US history, largest number of US dead in a single battle.
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George B. McClellan
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1826-1885. major general during the civil war. organized the famous army of the potomac, served briefly as general in charge of the union army. chronically overestimated the strength of enemy units, reluctant to apply principles mass, frequently leaving large portions of his army unengaged at decisive points. meticulous in planning and prep. possibly hampering his ability to challenge aggressive opponents in a fast moving battlefield.
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National Guard
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1636-present. reserve military force composed of state national guard militia members or units under federally recognized active or inactive status for the US. unlike the US army (under state statute) can not leave the american soil. NG served as apart of hte first line defense ofr hte US and is stationed in each of the 50 states. can be mobilized by the president if he is unable to execute the laws of the US with the regular army.
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Franco Prussian War
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1870-71. conflict between the second french empire and the kingdom of prussia. complete prussian/german victory brought final unification of Germany under king Wilhelm I of Prussia. marked the downfall of Napoleon III. series of swift prussian and german victories in eastern france culminated in the battle of sedan, Napoleon captured with his whole army. treaty of Frankfurt 1871.
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Civil War Conscription
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1861-1865. involved recruitment of black regiments beginning in 1863 as exploitation and idealism had converted the civil war from a white mans struggle to a black mans struggle as well. substitutions allowed to be sent. confederacy would enact first national draft in american history. conscription act 1863-permitted the govt. to raise and support armies
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HMS Dreadnought
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1906. fear nothing but god. Royal navies most famous vessels, dreadnoughts and pre-dreadnoughts. revolutionize naval power when entered service all big gun ship. accelerated the naval arms race around the world.
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Lewis, Maxim, Browning
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offered the ordnance department a wide variety of machine gunst aht would turn the western front of world war I into a slaughter pit. all were american inventions that werent used until late in teh war as french and british goods were used at hte beginning of fighting by american forces.
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