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180 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wars sometimes just happen; peace is always
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caused
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at the end of the 19th century Europe's political centre of gravity shifted from west to east. The cause was partly
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demographic
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An old but little-used diplomatic principle was implemented that of a ___ by which the five great powers became a governing council or directory for settling serious international questions, using Concert practices such as diplomatic conferences rather than bilateral or multilateral negotiations to achieve agreed solutions.
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European concert
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The isolation of tuberculosis bacillus in 1882 by ___, who later became professor of hygiene and director of teh Institute for Infectious diseases in Berlin, was a scientific breakthrough.
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Robert Koch
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During the Battle of Baklava, a small brigade of British cavalry made a gallant but tragically useless attack on a strong russian position. Nearly 250 of the 673 men in the _____ were killed or wounded.
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Light Brigade
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Historians often equate the Vienna system (the treaties, rules, and practices for conducting international politics) with the ____ (the absolutist prescriptions for the internal governance of states.
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Metternich system
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The widespread pasteurization of milk reduced infant deaths from _____.
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gastro-enteritis
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John Stuart Mills On Representative Government 1860, made clear that the extension of the ____ must not be so great as to upset the balance of interests between the middle and working classes, and that if property became less important to qualify for the vote education must become 'fore so.
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Franchise
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The _____ losses, though heavy for Russia, stemmed from weather, disease, and logistical problems more than battle.
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Crimean War
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_____ developed a vaccine for inoculating victimes of rabies and by devising a process for sterilizing milk.
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Louis Pasteur
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Developed a vaccine for inoculating victims of rabies
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Louis Pasteur
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Devised a process for sterilizing milk
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Louis Pasteur
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At the end of the 19th century, why did Europe's political centre of gravity shift from west to east?
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demographics
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What was one of the reasons that Europe's political centre of gravity shifted from west to east?
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demographics
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The _____ was an old but little-used diplomatic principle.
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European Concert
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Tuberculosis bacillus was isolated in
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1882
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Became professor of hygiene and director of the Institute for Infectiuos diseases in Berlin
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robert Koch
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Robert Koch discovered what, which was a scientific breakthourh in 1882?
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He isolated tuberculosis bacillus
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Tuberculosis bacillus was isolated by Robert Koch in
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1882
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Became professor of hyeiene
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Robert Koch
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Became director of the Institute for Infectious Diseases in Berlin
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Robert Koch
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Where was the Institute of Infectious Diseases?
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Berlin
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During what battle were nearly 250 of the 673 men in the Light Brigade killed or wounded in?
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Battle of Baklava
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Who were the British fighting against in the Battle of Baklava?
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Russians
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What small brigade of British cavalry made a gallant but tragically useless attack on a strong Russian position losing 250 of 673 men by either them being wounded or killed during the Battle of Baklava?
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Light Brigade
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Who was the Light Brigade?
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A small brigade of British cavalry
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The treaties, rules and practices for conducting international politics is known as what?
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The Vienna System
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the absolutist prescriptions for the internal governance of states is the
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Metternich system
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Historians often equate the Vienna system (the treaties, rules, and practices for conducting international politics) with the _____ (the absolutist prescriptions for the internal governance of states.
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Metternich System
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What is the Metternich system?
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The absolutist prescriptions for the internal governance of states.
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What is the Vienna system?
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The treaties, rules, and practices for conducting international politics
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What reduced infant deaths from gastro-enteritis?
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pasteurization of milk
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The widespread pasteurization of milk reduced infant deaths from
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gastro-enteritis
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John Stuart Mill's On Representative Government 1860, made clear that the extension of _____ must not be so great as to upset the balance of interests between the middle and working classes, and that if property became less important to qualify for the vote education must become 'fore so
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Franchise
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Who wrote On Represenative Government 1860?
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John Stuart Mills
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What made clear that the extension of the Franchise must not be so great as to upset the balance of interests between the middle and working classes, and that if property became less important to qualify for the vote education must become 'fore so?
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John Stewart Mill's On Representative Government 1860
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The _____ losses, though heavy for russia, stemmed from weather, disease, and logistical problems more than battle.
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Crimean War
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The Crimean War losses were heavy for what country?
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Russia
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Why were the losses for Russia heavy during the Crimean War?
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because of the weather, disease, and logistical problems
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The weather, disease, and logistical problems caused heavy losses for Russia during what war?
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Crimean War
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In late 19th Century Europe, the underlying reason for the declining birth-rate was ____
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economic
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Economics were the cause for declining birth-rate in
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Late 19th Century Europe
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What caused birth-rate to decline in 19th Century Europe?
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Economics
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_____ Louis Pasteur developed a vaccine for inoculating victims of rabies and by devising a process for sterilizing milk.
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Louis Pasteur
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Who developed a vaccine for inoculating victims of rabies?
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Louis Pasteur
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Who developed a process for sterilizing milk?
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Louis Pasteur
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Louis Pasteur did what?
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he developed a vaccine for inoculating victims of rabies and devised a process for sterilizing milk.
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Italian Count Cavour reached a secret agreement with Napoleon III in mid-1858 to provoke a joint war with ___ to expel it from Italy, expand Sardinia, and reconstruct Italy on federal lines under French influence.
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Austria
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Who reached a secret agreement with Napoleon III in mid 1858 to provide a joint war with Austria to expel it from Italy, expand Sardinia, and reconstruct Italy on federal lines under French influence?
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Italian Count Cavour
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Who did Italian Count Cavour reach a secret agreement with in mid-1858 to provoke a joint war with Austria to expel it from Italy, expand Sardinia, and reconstruct Italy on federal lines under French influence?
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Napoleon III
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Why did Italian Count Cavour and Napoleon III reach a secret agreement with Napoleon III in mid-1858?
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They wanted to provoke a joint war with Asutria to expel it from Italy, expand Sardinia, and reconstruct Italy on federal lines under French influence.
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Between 1901 and 1905, 11.2 percent of immigrants into the U.s. were Jews and between 1899 and 1913, Jews accounted for 41 percent of emigrants from ____ into the USA.
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Russia
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Between 1901 and 1905 11.2 percent of immigrants into the U.S. were?
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Jews
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Between 1899 and 1913, Jews accounted for 41 percent of emigrants from _____ into the USA.
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Russia
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Between 1899 and 1913, Jews accounted for ___ percent of emigrants from Russia into the USA.
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41
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Cecil Rhodes once held that the world wholly and exclusively peopled with ____ would be the best possible world.
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Anglo-Saxons
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Who once held that the world wholly and exclusively people with Anglo-Saxons would be the best possible world?
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Cecil Rhodes
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Italian _____, was the greatest of all nineteenth century freedom fighters.
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Giusepe Garibaldi
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What Italian was the greatest of all nineteenth century freedom fighters?
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Giusepe Garibaldi
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Greatest of all nineteenth century freedom-fighters
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Italian Giusepe Garibaldi
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Giuseppe Garibaldi was the
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greatest of all nineteenth-century freedom fighters
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The period 1873-95 has been called the European
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Great Depression
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The European Great Depression occured between
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1873-95
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European Great Depression
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1873-95
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In Thus Spake Zarathustra (1883 to 1885), _____ proclaimed that god is dead.
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Friedrich Nietzsche
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What did Friedrich Nietzsche proclaim in his Thus Spake Zarathustra?
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he proclaimed that God is dead
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When did Friedrich Nietzsche do Thus Spake Zarathustra?
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1883-1885
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Who proclaimed that God is dead in Thus Spake Zarathustra (1883-1885)?
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Friedrich Nietzsche
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The Second German was not unified from below but created from above by Prussia thourgh wars that ousted Austria from Germay, destroyed the German Confederation, and incorporated it's non-Austrian territories into a Prussian-dominated empire
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Reich
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Between 1880 and 1913, the British share of world exports of manufactured goods fell from 41.4 percent to 30.2 percent while that of ___ rose from 19.3 percent to 26.6 percent.
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German
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The ____ share of world exports and manufactured goods fell from 41.4 percent to 30.2 percent between 1880 and 1913
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British
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____ share of world exports of manufactured goods rose from 19.3 percent to 26.6 percent between 1880 and 1913
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German
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What was the Crystal Palace
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A vast structure built of glass and iron in London's Hyde Park
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What structure is housed in Hyde Park and built of glass and iron?
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The Crystal Palace
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Where is the Crystal Palace located?
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Hyde Park
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The Crysatl Palace housed the Exposition of 1851, which was the first
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world's fair
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The first world's fair was located in the Crystal Palace which housed
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the expostion of 1851
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Where was the first world's fair held?
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The Crystal Palace located in London's Hyde Park
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By 1913, Germay was the world's largest exporter of ___ and exported 40% of world chemicals and 38% of world steel.
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Machinery
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Germany was the world's largest exporter of what by 1913?
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Machinery
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Besides being the largest exporter of Machinery by 1913, Germay also exported
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40% of world chemicals and 38% of world steel.
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By 1913 Germany exported
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38% of world steel
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By 1913 Germany exported
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40% of world chemicals
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by 1913, Germay was the world's largest exporter of
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Machinery
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In late 19th Century Europe, 3 countries adhered consistently to free-trade principles, Denmark, the Netherlands, and
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Great Britain
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What three countries in late 19th century Europe adhered consistently to free-trade principles?
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Denmark, Netherlands, Great Britain
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In Russia, Tsar Alexander II shocked many of his own nobles by emancipating the ___ in 1861
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serfs
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Who did Tsar Alexander II of Russia emancipate in 1861?
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serfs
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What did Tsar Alexander II of Russia do in 1861?
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He emancipated the Serfs
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What year did Tsar Alexander II of Russia emancipate the serfs?
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1861
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Count Otto Von Bismarck was named ___ Minister-President in 1862
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Prussia's
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Who was named Prussia's Minister-President in 1862?
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Count otto von Bismarck
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What year was Count Otto von Bismarck named Minister-President?
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1862
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France invested 15 percent of its national wealth abroad for 6 percent of its national income in 1914, Germany 7 percent of its wealth for 3 percent of its
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national income
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Prince Albert of Great Britain died of ___ in 1861 at the age of 42
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Typhoid
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What did Prince Albert of Great Britain die of?
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Typhoid
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When did Prince Albert of Great Britain die of typhoid?
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1861
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How old was Prince Albert of Great Britain when he died of Typhoid in 1861?
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42
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Bismarck's main aim was always to strengthen Prussia and never to ___ Germany
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Unify
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What was Bismarck's main aim?
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To strengthen Prussia and never to unify Germany
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In Bulgaria in 1900 only 10 percent of ploughs used were made of iron, the rest were made of
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wood
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What purcent of plows in Bulgaria in 1900 were made of iron?
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10 percent
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Besides the 10% of iron plows used in Bulgaria in 1900, what were the rest of them made from?
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wood
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The 1879 ____ offered assistance to those who would participate in religious revival services.
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Salvation Army
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The Salvation Army in 1879 offered
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assistance to those who would participate in religious revival services
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Who did the 1879 Salvation Army offer assistance to?
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Thos who would participate in religious revival services
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The 1863 conflict over the Schleswig-Holstein involved Bismarck's Prussians against
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Denmark
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What conflict involved Bismarck's Prussians against Denmark?
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The 1863 conflict over the Schleswig-Holstein
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When was the conflict over the Schleswig-Holstein
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1863
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Who was involved in the conflict over the Schleswig-Holstein in 1863?
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Bismarck's Prussians and Denmark
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the so called ___ or rural savings banks spread through Germany, Austrai, Belgium, and northern France after 1880 and made it possible for farmers to raise cheap capital fro improvements
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Raffeisen system
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rural savings banks
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Raffeisen system
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rural savings banks known as the ___ made it possible for farmers to raise cheap capital for improvements
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Raffeisen system
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Rural savings banks spread through
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Germany, Austria, Belgium and northern France after 1880
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After 1880, the sol-called raffeisen system of rural savings banks made it possible for
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farmers to raise cheap capital for improvements
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The Great Questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions-that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849 - but by blood and iron
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words of Prussian Minister-President Otto von Bismarck
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Prussian Minister-President Otto von Bismarck said
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The Great questions of the day will not be settle by speeches and majority decisions--that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849--but by blood and iron
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The Great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions but
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by blood and iron
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What was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849?
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The grat questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions but by blood and iron
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Prussian Minister President
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Otto von Bismarck
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The question of the disposition ___ now becmae Bismarck's means for settling the larger German question by luring, dragging, or forcing Austria into abandoning alll or most of Germany, or if necessary, into fighting over who was it's master
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Schleswig-Holstein
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What became Bismarck's means for settling the larger German question by luring, dragging, or forcing Austria into abandoning all or most of Germany, or , if necessary, into fighting over who was it's master?
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The question of the disposition of Schleswig-Holstein
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Irish farmers replied to declining prices and onctinuing oppression by forming the ___ in 1879 in order to campaign against rackrenting and evictions by the use of the boycott, and aiming in the long run to make tenants owners of their farms
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Irish Land League
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Irish farmers replied to delcining prices and continuing oppression by forming what in 1879?
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Irish Land League
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the Irish Farmers for the Irish Land League in 1879 in order to
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campaign against rackrenting and evictions by the use of the boycott, and aiming in the long run to make tenants owners of their farms
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Bismarck, by publishing the famous ___ inflamed French feeling and on July 19, France declared war.
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Ems dispatch
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What did Bismarck publish that inflamed French feeling and on July 19 France declared war?
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Ems dispatch
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France declared war on July 19 because
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Bismarck published the famous Ems dispatch
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During the short but decisive Austro-Prussian War, Prussian superiority included a ___ rifle
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Breech-loading
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What was the name of the rifle used in the short but decisive Austro-Prussian War?
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Breech-loading
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What war was the Breech Loading Rifle used in?
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Austro-Prussian War
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Austro Prussian War
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Short but decisive
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Large areas of southern and western Germany were dominated by small farms, and even in prussia the large Junker estate was something of a
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Myth
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What was something of a myth?
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The large Junker estate in Prussia
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What dominated the large areas of southern and western Germany?
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small farms
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At Sedan on September 2, 1870, Bismarck's army captured ___
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Napoleon III
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Napoleon III was captured where on September 2, 1870?
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At Sedan
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Who caputred Napoleon III at Sedan on September 2, 1870?
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Bismarck
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When did Bismarck capture Napoleon III at Sedan?
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September 2, 1870
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For Austria, war with Prussia, accelerated the historic Compromise with Hungary reached in 1867 which changed Austria into a dual ___ monarchy, bringing some immediate relief on the Hungarian question but creating other long-range problems.
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Austro-Hungarian
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What did the war that Austria had with Prussia do?
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It accelerated the historic Compromise with Hungary reached in 1867 which changed Austria into a dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, bringing some immediate relief on the Hungarian question but creating other long-range problems
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Compromise with Hungary
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reached in 1867 changed Austria into a dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy
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When Austria became a dual Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
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it brought some immediate relief on the Hungarian question but created other long-range problems
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In Russia, a founded in 1883 assisted communes or cooperatives of richer peasants to purchase land from impoverished nobles, and between 1877 and 1905 peasants increased their holdings of non-allotment land
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Peasant Land Bank
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Peasant Land Bank
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founded in 1883 in Russia
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What did the Peasant Land Bank do?
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It was founded in 1883 and assisted communes or cooperatives of richer peasants allowing them to purchase land from impoverished nobles.
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Between 1877 and 1905 through the help of ____ peasants increased their holdings of non-allotment land in Russia
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Peasant Land Bank
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King William of Prussia was declared Emperor of Germany in the Great Hall of Mirrors at
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Versailles
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Where is the Great Hall of Mirrors?
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Versailles
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King William of Prussia was declared
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Emperor of Germany
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Where was King William of Prussia declared Emperor of Germany?
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The Great Hall of Mirrors at Versailles
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The crisis that led to Franco-German War in July 1870 was Bismarck's campaign to put a Hohenzollern price on the vacent throne of
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Spain
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What was the crisis that led to Franco-German war in July 1870?
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Bismarck's campaign to put a Hohenzollern price on the vacant throne of Spain
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The British Navy started to use ___ in 1903.
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oil
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What did the British Navy start to use in 1903?
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Oil
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Who started to use oil in 1903?
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The British Navy
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What year did the British Navy start using oil?
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1903
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British William E. Gladstone became leader of the
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Liberal Party
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What nationality was William E. Gladstone
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British
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Who became the leader of the Liberal Party?
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British William E. Gladstone
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Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia joined together in 1872 to form the
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Three Emperors League
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What three countries joined together to form the Three Emperors Leage in 1872?
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Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia
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What year did Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia join together to form the Three Emperors League?
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1872
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The license to manufacture Daimler engines in France was acquired by
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Emile Levassor
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Emile Levassor
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acquired the license to manufacture Daimler engines in France
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What engines did Emile Levassor aquire the license to manufacture in France?
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Daimler engines
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After Peel's death in 1850, Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881) became the leader of the
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Conservatives
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Who became the leader of the conservatives following Peel's death in 1850?
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Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881)
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1804-1881
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Benjamin Disraeli
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Who died for Benjamin Disraeli to become the leader of the conservatives?
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Peel in 1850
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Two common criticism of the Berlin Congress are that by adopting half-measures on Bulgaria, discarding the ethnic principle on which the Treaty of San Stefano was based, it prolonged unrest and condemned the Balkans, expecially Macedonia, to decades of future conflict, and that Bismarck in siding secretly with Austria and Britain forced a humiliating settlement on
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Russia
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Berlin Congress
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two common criticisms are that by adopting half-measures on Bulgaria, discarding the ethnic principle on which the Treaty of San Stefano was based, it prolonged unrest and condemned the Balkans, especially Macedonia, to decades of future conflict, and that Bismarck in siding secretly with Austria dn Britain forced a humiliating settlement on Russia
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Levassor won the Paris-Bordeaux-Paris race in 1895, a distance of 732 miles, at an average speed of
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15 mph
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Who won the Paris-Bordeaux-Paris race in 1895?
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Levassor
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What was the distance of the paris-Bordeaux-Paris race in 1895, won by Levassor?
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732 miles
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What was the average speed of the Paris-Bordeaux-Paris race in 1895?
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15 mph
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In 1869, Gladstone pushed through a bill that disestablished the Church of Ireland, since Ireland was 80 percent
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Catholic
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What year did Gladstone push through a bill that disestablished the Church of Ireland, since Ireland was 80 percent Catholic?
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1869
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Ireland was what percent Catholic when Gladstone pushed through a bill in 1869 that disestablished the Church of Ireland?
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80 percent
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The three emperors alliance of 1881
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worked for a time to manage Russo-Austrian rivalry in the Balkans
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