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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fertile strip of land along Mediterranian coast of Africa
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Maghreb
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Why were Sudanic kingdoms successful?
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Built their power btwn Sahara and forest peoples of Guinea coast; trade routes
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Medieval West African kingdom
- Ruled by Mande-speaking peoples, the Soninke - Rich/prosperous b/c of trade (customs duties) - Fell b/c of revolt/conquest by Berbers, advance of Sahara |
Ghana
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Medieval West African empire (after Ghana)
- Ruled by Mande-speaking peoples, the Mandinke - Bureaucracy, trade, culture |
Mali
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Ruler who brought the Mali Empire (medieval W Africa) to its greatest height; pilgrimage to Mecca
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Mansa Musa
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Factors which contributed to rise of W African civilization before 1000:
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- Geography
- Trade - Religion |
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Medieval Orthodox Xian East African civilization, used Greek
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Nubia
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Most powerful medieval kingdom of Nubian civilization (E Africa)
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Makouria
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Medieval Ethiopian dynasty that strengthened Xianity by uniting it w/gov't, developed unique local form
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Zagwe dynasty
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Succeeded Zagwe dynasty in Ethiopia (Middle Ages)
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Solomonid dynasty
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Mongol dynasty of China, after Kublai Khan defeated Song; suspended Civil Service Examinations
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Yuan Dynasty
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Mongol Empire split into 4 Khanates:
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1) Khanate of the Great Khan was China/Mongolia/East
2) Khanate of Jaghadai was Central Asia 3) Ilkhanate was the Muslim Middle East 4) Khanate of the Golden Horde was Russia |
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Genghis Khan's name
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Temujin
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Polynesian society of New Zealand
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Maori
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Secret of Bantu success:
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Iron
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King under which Solomonid dynasty of Ethiopia reached apogee
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Zara Jacob
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What is the key art of African animism?
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The mask
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string of East African ports and city-states
- Spoke Swahili (Bantu language) - Wealth from trade: esp. slaves/ivory - Kilwa/Sofala were greatest cities |
Land of Zanj
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Unique way Ethiopian rulers dealt w/coup problem:
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Mountain of Kings
(banishing all relatives to a mountain-top) |
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What was unique about the royal court of Ethiopia?
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It traveled around the country
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Official under Henry VIII who strengthened the English royal bureaucracy
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Thomas Cromwell
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Minister of Henry VIII who basically ruled England during Henry's early years
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Cardinal Wolsey
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English king, founder of the Tudor line, strengthened the monarchy and England
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Henry VII
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French king who started the Bourbon dynasty and ended the religious/succession civil wars
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Henry IV
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Most important influence of Mongol rule on Russia:
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Impetus to authoritarian rule of the tsars
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French noble family, the Huguenot faction, which fought for the throne during the religious wars
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Bourbons
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French noble family, the Catholic faction, which fought for the throne during the religious wars
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Guises
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French Renaissance monarch who built up the military and preserved France from Hapsburg encirclement
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Francis I
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French Renaissance monarch who unified France, and made it powerful and wealthy
- Made the monarchy powerful - Machiavellian |
Louis XI "the Spider"
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French king crowned by Joan of Arc
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Charles VII
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Organizer of the Counter-Reformation
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Pope Paul III
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Counter-Reformation council called by Pope Paul III
- Carried Counter-Reformation throughout church; stiff penalties for clergy immorrality; new seminaries - Reaffirmed all Catholic doctrines |
Council of Trent
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The trans-Saharan trade was made possible by:
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The camel
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Result of the trans-Saharan trade:
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Urbanization
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The trans-Saharan trade started with:
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The gold trade
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When Islam came to a pagan people, it tended to bring:
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1) State-building ideology (can jihad ag pagan neighbors)
2) Literacy 3) New state pulled into the "Dar al-Islam" (esp. in Africa) |
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What kind of gov't is best for slave trade?
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Ordered, sophisticated
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Ghana expands on the basis of:
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The slave trade
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World traveler who goes twice as far as Marco Polo
- Never travels the same road twice - Survives as management consultant/quadi in the Muslim world - Portrait of 14th cty Muslim world: poised to take over |
Ibn Batuta
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Options for true infidels encountered by Muslims:
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1) Convert
2) Die 3) Be a slave (could happen even to converted people) Dhimmis don't count unless they resist |
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Trans-Saharan slave trade:
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18-20 million Africans displaced (over much longer period of time than Trans-Atlantic); 2/3 female
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A market set up in 757 in Africa, trading gold for salt
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Sijilmasa
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Islamic name for Africa
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Bilad al-Sudan: land of the blacks
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Ab'd/abid
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Arabic for both "black African" and "slave"
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Why do Muslims enslave black Africans?
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1) Theory of the "circle of civilized lands," all of which are supposed to be around the Mediterranean
2) Sub-Saharan Africa: only real-live pagans |
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Captain Buzurg ibn Shahriyar
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His account of traveling on the Indian Ocean gives insight into the culture there; some of it is fantastic but he probably actually existed
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Monsoon/importance
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On Indian Ocean, winds blow one way for 6 months, then the other way
EXCELLENT for trading |
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Type of boats used on the Indian Ocean:
Why? Legend that probably grew out of this: |
Coconut fiber boats
Iron shortage in Arabia Magnetic Mountain |
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Original inhabitants of Madegascar:
Where they probably came from: |
Waq-waqs
Borneo |
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Coelacanth
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Fish everyone thought was extinct until it was found near Madegascar
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Rukh/Peng
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Huge bird in Arabic/Chinese folklore; probably grew out of Madegascar's Aepyornis maximus that went extinct soon after Waq-waqs arrived
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Arabs/Chinese went to N Africa originally to trade for:
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Ambergris!
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Al-Masudi
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Muslim historian
Map w/Paris on it, compiled list of kings of France as well as all over the East |
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Al-Baruni
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Muslim mathematician
mathematician - Calculated earth's circumference to within 70 mi - Didn't know extent of Africa to the south - Thought there was sea route btwn Indian Ocean/Atlantic |
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Grand admiral of Chinese fleet: made 7 voyages of trade/intimidation
Enormous central Asian Muslim eunuch |
Zheng He
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Why was it important that Zheng He was a Muslim?
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The areas his fleet went were primarily Muslim
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Why did many Chinese officials oppose Zheng He and try to erase the memory of his voyages?
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- He didn't rise through the Chinese Civil Service Exams
- The way to wealth in Confucianism is land ownership, not trade (low) - Minor: renewed Mongol threats |
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Why is Zheng He being revived as a national Chinese hero now?
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China has global ambitions again
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If the world we live in is completely unprecedented...
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What is the point of studying the past?
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Most widely-read books in pre-Modern world, besides Bible/Koran
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Alexander Romances
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The surprising thing about Alexander legends:
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That they spread so far and lasated so long
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Pseudo-Callisthenes
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3rd cty writer who wrote as though he were Callisthenes writing at the time of Alexander: popular fiction (Alexander in submarine, etc.)
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The Alexander legends fuel the way westerners think of _
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The East!
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Jacob of Serug
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6th cty Byzantine dude
Tells stories of Alexander in The Christian Legend(turns him into an ascetic saint) Alexander called the "dhual qarnayn"; prophetic figure who will return at the end of time |
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What odd figure shows up in the Koran?
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Alexander the double-horned
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SiKander Nama
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Alexander legend written in Persia in 1201; Alexander goes to the ka'aba!
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Everyone knows about Alexander in this English author's day, but not so much before:
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Chaucer
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Book of Sur
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15th cty English book w/stories from the East: contained Alexander stories
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The larger context of the crusades:
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The expansion of Christendom
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What was the European core late Middle Ages?
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France/Germany
England to some extent Italy later |
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Places where Europe was expanding late Middle Ages:
How it was expanding: |
Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, Viking lands, Spain
Expanding by conquest, also by Catholicism spreading |
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Papal Monarchy
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Papacy at its zenith 1050-1250
Crusades happened during it |
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First crusade was called by _ in _.
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Urban II in 1095
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Motives for the crusades:
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1) Possiblity of reuniting the church after the Great Schism (1054)
2) Free the Holy Land from the Muslims (had held it for ctys; but new Turks didn't allow pilgrims) 3) Primogeniture 4) Sincere religious piety/devotion |
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"Land of younger sons"
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Scotland
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1st Ccrusade:
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Seizes Jerusalem 1099
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3rd Crusade:
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Flop; even though all the most famous kings of Europe went
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4th Crusade
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1204: sacks Constantinople (convinced by Venetians)
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Crusade that massacres a group of heretics in Western Europe
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Albigensian Crusade
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When/how did the Prester John legend appear?
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1145 as Second Crusade was setting forth
Letter appears later, probably written by bored monk |
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Eastern Xian branch that's not Catholic or Orthodox
Massacred by Mongols Some still exist today |
Nestorian Church
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Most probable origins of the Prester John legend:
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Nestorian Church
(Letter: probably written by disgruntled monk) khan/kam: mean king and priest respectively Khitans: king Gurkhan heard as John |
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Nestorian Heresy
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Don't accept X's nature/person distinction (say he's somehow two persons)
Therefore don't accept Mary as theotokos, "Mother of God" |
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Khitans
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Barbanian invaders troubling India: King Gurkhan had Nestorians in his court; name might have been heard as "John": might have given rise to Prester John
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Keriats
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Group subject to the Mongols which contains many Nestorians: Marco Polo convinced king unc-Khan is Prester John
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It's ironic that the Mongols ended up wiping out the Nestorian Church because:
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For a while Europeans thought Ghengis Khan might be Prester John (he persecuted Muslims)
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Prester John story moves from Mongols to:
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India (Saint Thomas went there)
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Last place Prester John story goes:
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Ethiopia
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Basic definition of chess:
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the goal of the game is the checkmate the king
King in center, rook in corner, knight-piece next to it, pawns in front |
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"Shah mat"
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"the king is dead"
evolved into "checkmate" |
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Two theories of where chess came from:
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Out of India Theory
Out of China Theory |
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Chaturanga
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Indian for "chess": many believe chess came from India
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Brahmin Sissa
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Supposed to have invented Chess; asked for grain of rice doubled on each square as reward
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What set of chess rules are dominant today?
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European rules
Codified in Italy btwn 1475-1490 |
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What set of chess rules were dominant before today's?
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Arabic rules
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Chess pieces that came from Europe
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Bishop (probably: Japan aquired one bishop shortly after contact w/Europe)
Queen |
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Two important things the Western World gives the rest of the world:
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1) University
2) Modern State |
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Modern State definition:
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A human community which persists in space and time
(shift in loyalty from family/etc. to state) |
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Basic definition of chess:
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the goal of the game is the checkmate the king
King in center, rook in corner, knight-piece next to it, pawns in front |
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"Shah mat"
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"the king is dead"
evolved into "checkmate" |
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Two theories of where chess came from:
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Out of India Theory
Out of China Theory |
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Chaturanga
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Indian for "chess": many believe chess came from India
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Brahmin Sissa
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Supposed to have invented Chess; asked for grain of rice doubled on each square as reward
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What set of chess rules are dominant today?
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European rules
Codified in Italy btwn 1475-1490 |
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What set of chess rules were dominant before today's?
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Arabic rules
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Chess pieces that came from Europe
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Bishop (probably: Japan aquired one bishop shortly after contact w/Europe)
Queen |
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Two important things the Western World gives the rest of the world:
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1) University
2) Modern State |
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Modern State definition:
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A human community which persists in space and time
(shift in loyalty from family/etc. to state) |
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Two indications of crisis in the Late Medieval Church:
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Avignon Papacy
Papal Schism |
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Civic Humanism
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Idea of Florentine Bruni
We can use classical texts to inspire the populace |
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Idea of Humanism comes from:
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Petrarch
go "ad fontes": back to the "founts", the classical texts |
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Menocchio
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Italian miller
Humanism: got idea he could interpret texts for himself Got in trouble/executed |
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Father of the Italian Renaissance
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Petrarch
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Lorenzo Valla
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Discovered that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery
(Founded textual criticism) |
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Date:
Dutch independence |
1609
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Date:
Asia/Europe/Africa become linked by trade |
100-200
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Date:
Spanish Armada |
1588
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Date:
Council of Trent |
1540s-60s
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Date:
Marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand (Spain) |
1469
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Date:
Black Death in Europre |
1348-1450
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Date:
100 Years' War |
1337-1443
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Date:
Babylonian Captivity of the Church |
1309-1377
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Date:
Xian Nubian civilization (E Africa) |
500s-1300s
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Date:
Waq-waqs probably set out from Borneo and arrive in Madegascar |
500-800
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Date:
African villages (Western Sudan) evolve into empires |
600-1600
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Date:
Solomonid dynasty begins (Ethiopia) |
1270
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Date:
Yuan Dynasty (China) |
1260-1368
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Date:
Mongols control Russia |
1240-1480
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Date:
Gengis Khan |
1167-1227
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Date:
Zagwe dynasty (Ethiopia) |
1100s
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Date:
Mali flourishing (W Africa) |
1200s-1300s
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Date:
Ghana flourishing (W Africa) |
900s-1100s
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Date:
Muslim expansion slowing down |
750
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Date:
Trans-Saharan slave trade |
700s-1900s
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