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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The hoplite or warrior ethos and Greece
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the historical significance of hoplite warfare was that to be a soldier you had to fulfill the economic requirement of owning land. Politically, it was believed that by owning land, the soldier had a stake in the community and so they would put themselves in harms way to defend it. By participating in warfare, soldiers were allotted equal social and political status.
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‘Nomia’ or ‘Sharing’ vis-a- vis Greece
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the historical significance of nomia is that sharing took place among the land owning warriors. The warriors that fulfilled the economic requirement of owning land, put themselves in harms way to defend their community. In return for putting themselves in danger they received a share of political privileges and social prestige.
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The Messenian Wars of Sparta
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the historical significance of the Messenian wars was that it was caused due to a political drive to conquer more land. The Spartans attacked their neighbors to the west to solve their economic problem, not having enough land for their growing population. Resulting from this the Spartans completely conquered Messenia, dividing up the land, with the Helots taking care of it so the spartans could train for war.
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Eunomia and Isonomia
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the historical significance of eunomia and isonomia was that politically Greece was able to apply eunomia without being a tyranny. Among the land owning warriors isonomia, sharing equally, occurred in terms of political and social wealth being equal between warriors. In addition to that they made decisions for the community if there would be war or peace.
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Naval warfare and the Athenian Democracy
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the historical significance of naval warfare was that the economically wealthy individuals of the community were expected to build a battle ship with their resources for the war. The wealthy did this for social prestige since only few people could. Operating a battle ship took lots of manpower so they started to allow people that weren’t warriors to join the naval warfare, because of this the new warriors were now entitled to a share of social and political privileges.
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Freedom vs. Tyranny in Greece
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the historical significance of freedom was that it meant people were sharing well and equally when it came to economic resources, social prestige, and political privileges. Tyranny in Greece meant that there would be no sharing, with only one person in control. Because of Greece’s emphasis on sharing, tyranny didn’t occur for a long period of time.
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Philip II of Macedon
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the historical significance of Philip II was that he was a warrior king of Macedon with a keen eye of taking care of economic stability in his kingdom, as well as diplomatic arrangements. Politically, he instituted military reforms that turned Macedon into a powerhouse on the battlefield. He did so by combining infantry and cavalry tactics.
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The Melian Dialogue from Thucydides
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the historical significance of the Melian dialogue was that it was an exposition of Athenian imperialism displaying that they’re stronger and will do what they want to conquer Melos. Socially, the Melians respond by standing up for their freedom and rights. The Melians respond to the Athenians saying they won’t give up their freedom and that they rather die defending it.
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The geography of Italy
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the historical significance of Italy’s geography was that it had the Alepennine mountains to split the east and west side from each other. The West side had many harbors and well watered plains from the Tyrrhenian Sea, making it more suitable for navy warfare and greater amounts of economic resources. On the East side was the Adriatic coast with few harbors and dry land, making the growth of needed resources for survival limited and less protection from the sea.
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Roman Patricians and Plebeians
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the historical significance of the Roman Patricians were that they were considered higher up on the social hierarchy than the plebeians. The Patricians were generally made up of the aristocracy and in the military they were organized in the first 120 centuries, giving them political power by controlling most of the votes and electing leaders from their own. The Plebeians were the commoners that were organized in the last 73 centuries, with their votes on decisions being over shadowed by those of the patricians.
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The Servian Census
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the historical significance of the Servian Census was that it organized Romans into economic classes that would determine their role and responsibility in terms of the army. The wealthy would be put into the first 120 centuries and were given more military responsibilities as well as more political power with votes on the military leader. The lower income people made up the last 73 centuries and had less responsibilities but less chances of voting.
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Res Publica Populi Romani
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the historical significance of the Res Publica Populi Romani was that it was created when the Aristocrats realized that a monarchy wasn’t needed since they were self sustaining. From this realization the political change from monarchy to republic was made.
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The position of Rome in the Mediterranean
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the historical significance of Rome was that it was in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea. This created a political advantage, allowing Rome to expand in all directions.
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Imperium
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the historical significance of imperium was that it was a special power that the consuls were invested with. Chief political figures received imperium that substantiated their power. Imperium is a religious concept of how the chief exercises authority, with the two consuls receiving a small portion of Jupitor’s imperium that he uses to control the universe.
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Preemptive Defensive Interventionism
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the historical significance of Preemptive Defensive Interventionism was that it was a political strategy for defense. The concept was that they would attack someone who might become your enemy before they become your enemy. By doing this they would protect themselves from any potential threats.
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The Gracchi
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the historical significance of the Gracchi brothers was that they tried to solve the problem of the increase in poverty of the state. In an attempt to solve the economic problem they wanted to redistribute land so that in the long term more people could become soldiers. The plan failed, leading to taking away the requirement of owning land, so they could gain more warriors.
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The Nature of the Principate/Princeps
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the historical significance of the Principate was that Augustus changed Rome from a republic back to a monarchy. Augustus had to create this without the Romans feeling that they lost the republic. He did this by being the Princeps, the first citizen, describing himself as having the power of a consul and a tribune at the same time.
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The Geography of Greece
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the historical significance of the Greece's geography was that economically, the terrain wasn't easy to live off of, with rocky lands and few rivers. Politically the rough terrain gave the Greeks an advantage because enemies weren't used to fighting on their land. Since the land was hard to live off of, it was believed that Greece produced the toughest warriors.
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Bronze Age or Mycenaen Civilization in Greece
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the historical significance of the Bronze age was that during this period Greece had territorial kingdoms, showing the relationship between Greece and the Ancient Near East, because of the similar set up. Greece also emphasized producing great warrior kings. In the military Greece was similar in the way that they did pillaging for economic purposes.
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Athenian Imperialism
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the historical significance of the Athenian Imperialism was their desire to control others to extract profit. The Athenian Imperialism ended up destroying Greece by challenging their ethics undermining freedom, nomia, and land owning warrior ethos.
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