Hist 105 Exam 1

Front 1

Teotihuacan

100-400 CE (Toltec/Mayan, Mexico)

Back 1

Northeast of Mexico City

Chichen Itzay (Yucatan) = Mayan Empire

Advanced architecture that surprised Europeans

Front 2

Cahokia

800-1100 CE (Illinois, near St Louis)

Back 2

Largest Mound Site created by natives

Used for many purposes (700-1300 CE)

Front 3

Chaco Canyon

850-1150 CE (Pueblo, New Mexico)

Back 3

Chaco buildings made through astronomy

Equinox measures sun through stone

Front 4

Tenochtitlan

1300-1521 (Aztec, New Mexico)

Back 4

Modern day Mexico City

1500 = 4th largest city

2000 = 2nd largest city

Writing = Aztec codex Borbonicus and Codex Mendoza ("Mexica")

Front 5

Inca Empire

1200-1533 (Peru)

Back 5

Machu Picchu, Chile

Advanced in terrace farming

Front 6

Pre-Contact/Pre-Columbian

Back 6

Eurocentric Concepts: Discovery of America, New World, and Age of Exploration

Americas: 1000s of towns, languages, and established trade routes

Natives = Hunter-gatherers

Front 7

First Contact/Columbian Exchange

Back 7

Resources exchanged between New World, Europe, and Africa (food, disease, slaves, religion, animals, and labor)

Front 8

Eurocentric

Back 8

Focusing on expanding European culture

Front 9

Reconquista, 1492

Back 9

Sub-Saharan Africa is as diverse as Europe

Senegal converts to Islam

Spanish monarchs remove Muslims from Spain

Discovered voyages are possible

Front 10

Hernan Cortes in Mexico, 1521

Back 10

Spanish Conquistador

1519 - Traveled to Mexico and dealt with Aztecs

La Malinche - female interpreter for Cortes

Front 11

New Spain, 1535 - 1821

Back 11

Tenochtitlan (Mexico City) = capital

Administration = Royal, Religion, and State law

Front 12

Encomienda

Back 12

Spaniards and Natives lived together and protect each other

Front 13

Bartoleme de las Casas

Back 13

Belligerent and violent conquistador

Spanish crown forbid enslavement of Indians

Front 14

Francisco Pizarro in Peru, 1532

Back 14

Spanish conquistador voyage to Peru area

Conquers Peru with help of brothers

Front 15

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, 1536

Back 15

Expedition to Cuba

Route on South East part of America

Front 16

Francisco Coronado, 1541

Back 16

Explored West of New World

Front 17

Hernando de Soto, 1542

Back 17

Explored East of New World

Eventually died (unknown)

Front 18

Protestant Reformation

Back 18

Civil War in Europe, 1600s

1564 - French Protestants established in the New World (appointed by the king)

Founded Ft. Caroline

Front 19

Fort Caroline, 1564

Back 19

New settlement found by French protestants and can possibly raid Spanish settlements with this location

Front 20

St. Augustine, 1565

Back 20

English raid on St. Augustine, 1586

Burn the whole area

Happened after Spanish armada

Front 21

Juan de Onate, 1598

Back 21

Spanish Expedition

Route Mexico city to Santé Fe

Indians killed Spanish soldiers for retaliation after Spaniards raping Indians

Memorial - El Paso Airport

Front 22

Santé Fe, 1610

Back 22

Settlement created in 1610 by Spanish conquistadores

Front 23

Sistema de Castas

Back 23

Spanish law for unions in every class

Spanish defined child's identity when it comes to interracial marriage (e.g. Mulatto)

Front 24

La Salle Expeditions, 1682/1684

Back 24

Route through Mississippi River from Northern to Southern part of America

Shipwreck @ Matagorda bay - failed to find mouth of M. River in 2nd voyage

Founded port St. Louis (TX)

Front 25

Roanoke Colony, 1585

Back 25

Relied on natives for necessities (food, water)

Men left at Roanoke and promised to return with 1500 settlers

All men left behind are killed

Front 26

Jamestown, Virginia, 1607

Back 26

First English settlement in America

Front 27

Indian Cooperation and Resistance

Back 27

Encountered Powhatan Indians

John Smith referred Indians as controllable to convince investors in Europe

English arrivals became dependent on Indians (Used animals pelts Indians made to send back to Europe)

Front 28

Middle Ground

Back 28

John Smith captured by Powhatan and Pocahontas saves or adopts him into tribe

Pocahontas captured, married to English man, and moves to England (John Locke)

Front 29

Tobacco, 1616

Back 29

John Ralph brought tobacco seeds to England and started profiting from tobacco

Front 30

Primogeniture and Entail

Back 30

Empowers males and disregard other children

Inheritance = root to power and wealth

Front 31

Head right System

Back 31

Landowner dies without will

Front 32

Fall Line

Back 32

Line that distinguishes 2 areas.

(e.g. on East cost = Appalachian Mountains)

Front 33

Indentured Servants

Back 33

Legal Slaves

6 days a week and 8-10 hrs of work a day

Punished if they get pregnant

40% died from conditions, therefore didn't finish contract

Front 34

Anne Orthwood

Back 34

Indentured Servant that got pregnant with twins

She was shamed and put on trial because of her pregnancy with plantation owner's son

Front 35

Origins of slavery

Back 35

A Dutch ship came to drop off black slaves to Virginia. The blacks were labeled as indentured servants.

Front 36

middle passage

Back 36

10 million slaves were brought to the New World. Only about 5 million came to the US, the other 5 million went to the rest of the New World like the Caribbean. About 15-20% of slaved and crews of the ships died. By 1700 the major of the Caribbean was black labor.

Front 37

Antonio Johnson/ Anthony Johnson, 1625

Back 37

1625. "Antonio the Negro" arrived in 1621 to Virginia. He was listed as a servant, and had 4 children that were all free. He eventually owned land and cattle and even had a servant.

Front 38

John Punch

Back 38

3 Indentures ran away, they were caught and returned. The one black man was sentenced to serve his master for the rest of his life, the others got only 4 more years as a punishment.

Front 39

English Revolution, Cromwell and Parliament

Back 39

1653-1658

Parliament was dismissed, but refused to step down

Oliver Cromwell = leader of army and sided with parliament

captured the king and executed him

Front 40

Slave laws, 1662 origins

Back 40

The first laws that appeared in Virigina. The status of a child was based on the status of the mother. The child would be enslaved if the mother was enslaved. In 1667, Baptism as a Christian did not bring automatic freedom.

Front 41

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 41

organized a militia on western frontier to deal with Indians and also revolt because of no protection from the government

killed all Indians rather than dealing with treaty

caused government to flee from Jamestown

Front 42

The terrible transition

Front 43

Bi-racial English society

Back 43

As Africans started to populate the English colonies, there was a new biracial society. There was a mix of dark skins Europeans, Caribbean Africans, Africans, and light skin Africans.

Front 44

Multi-racial Spanish society

Back 44

To the Spanish, people were more than just white and colored. They were Indians, white, mulatto, black. The Spanish were better than the English when it came to race, but not by much.

Front 45

North American enslaved population self-sustaining by 1730

Back 45

1730. The amount of slave in North America became self-sustaining in 1730. There was no longer a need to import more slaves, because the amount of slaves in North America could now reproduce and keep their population for labor use.

Front 46

Puritans in New England

Back 46

Wanted a more purified church. Henry 8th created the Church of England. The puritans wanted to get rid of ceremonies, and wanted to simplify the church to a more scriptural reading. There were two different types of puritans.

Front 47

Plymouth, 1620 (separating Puritans) -

William Bradford

Back 47

Separating Puritans. They wanted to separate themselves from the Church of England.

Front 48

Boston, 1630 (non-separating) -

John Winthrop

Back 48

Non-separating Puritans. They wanted to be reformers within the Church of England. They came under the charter of the Massachusetts bay colony, it allowed self-government. The Puritans were not religious freedom, just the freedom for their own religion.

Front 49

Rhode Island - Roger Williams

Back 49

Roger Williams lived in New England for a the majority of his life, but did not like the religion intolerance. He founded Rhode Island for those who can practice their religion freely.

Front 50

Puritan victory in English Civil War

Back 50

Puritans led the Civil War

Took over the government

looked to the past (biblical references) to create their living situation

Front 51

Religious diversity in 1600s England

Back 51

Very strict in England

Escaped to New England to freely practice their religion (Puritans)

Front 52

Puritan Dilemma

Back 52

The Puritans created the "city on a hill" and it was called this because it had a biblical reference to the way the lived. They went backwards instead of looking into the future.

Front 53

Anne Hutchinson

Back 53

An intelligent, outspoken women. She thought that the ministers were not speaking about predestination enough. She claimed that if god wanted us to do certain things and was predetermined, then there would be no reason for government

Front 54

Predestination, Arminianism and

Antinomianism

Back 54

-The belief that god had already planned out their lives, and their lives were predestined.

-The decline of people's passion in following the church.

-Thought that being governed by other people was optional, because god governed all.

Front 55

Jeremiads & half-way covenant

Back 55

-Sermons that were about heated speeches about following the church, or you will burn in hell.

-That allowed people to join, even if they were not 100% into the religion and have not had their vision to be a Puritan.

Front 56

King Philip's War (metacom)

Back 56

Prolonged conflict between whites and indians. 1675. Where Indians used Western military tactics. Indian head was on a stick and was on display on Thanksgiving dinner

Front 57

Toleration Act, 1689

Back 57

Allowed nonconformists to freely practice their religion. Nonconformists can have their own teachers, places of worship, etc.

Front 58

Established churches

Front 59

Salem and witch trials

Back 59

In 1692, young girls accused Bridget Bishop to be possessed by the devil and be a witch. she was hung, and many more were put on trial and hung as well