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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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• Lyndon Johnson-
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Became president when Kennedy was assassinated. He ran for a second term in office, but as result of the Tet offensive he barley won the New Hampshire Primary because Americans saw this as a way that could pro-long the war. As result, he decided to not run for re-election.
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• Civil Rights Bill-
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Passed in 1964 after Kennedy had promised to pass a new act before being elected but never did, then when Kennedy was assassinated, Johnson became president and took up the cause. It made racial discrimination in public places such as theaters, restaurants and hotels illegal. It also required employers to provide equal employment opportunities.
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• Students for Democratic Society-
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(SDS) College students who are children of the Old Left. In 1962, they formed a manifesto which became known as the Port Huron statement which promoted quality for blacks in US society, call for commitment to civil rights, and it condemned war as destructive to democracy and the working class. They opposed the anti-communist crusade in the US because it went against freedom of thought and de-humanizing bureaucracies that included a number of different organizations such as colleges and universities.
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• Woodstock-
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A 1969 musical festival that was a part of the hippie counter-culture. The concert featured many young counter cultures bands and tens of thousands of people attended. It was an example of how young people rebelled their parents conservative generation.
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o Vietnamization-
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A term and policy coined by Nixon and his aids which meant the US could withdraw gradually from Vietnam once the S Vietnamese army and allies became ready to defend themselves. This meant that the US was contributing to huge amounts of material to train and aid the South Vietnamese to fight and the US military would take the lead in defense of S. Vietnam.
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• The Plumbers-
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A secret organization created by Nixon after the CIA and FBI refused to illegally surveillance anti-war groups and wire tap his political enemies. This secret white house group made up of former CIA and FBI workers did his dirty work. In 1972, five of them were caught breaking into the offices of the Democratic national Committee at the Watergate Hotel in DC which eventually led Nixon to resign from his presidency.
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• Daniel Ellsberg-
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Worked for the department of defense. In 1972 he started to hear of some of the lies and cover ups in relation to Vietnam, so he researched and saw patterns of deceit and secrecy and copied the secret government papers and gave them to the NY Times to publish and the Pentagon Papers. The plumbers fought back and started to spread rumors that he was homosexual, but it didn’t work because they had no proof. This caused the US to starts questioning Nixon’s presidency.
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• Griswold vs. CT-
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A Supreme Court case about the ban of condoms. The Griswold couple said that it violated their marital privacy, so they ruled that contraceptives would be made accessible only to married couples. Eventually in 1972 it was extended to unmarried couples as well.
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• Gerald Ford-
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• Gerald Ford- Next president after Nixon resigned. He did not intervene in Vietnamese affairs. The economy suffered from inflation and a recession under his presidency and a controversial decision was when he granted pardon to President Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal.
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• Jerry Falwell-
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Evangelist who founded the Moral Majority in 1979 which is a political lobbyist organization for issues that are important to the religious right such as pro-life issues and anti-homosexuality.
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• Vietnam Syndrome-
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The idea of not getting involved in world affairs since the Vietnam war was unsuccessful, expensive, and too drawn out.
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• Iran Hostage Crisis-
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In 1979 when Iranians took control over the US embassy in the capital city and held 50 American hostages captive. The military tried to get them out but they couldn’t, so they were held captive for more than 400 days until Reagan became president in 1980 after Carter was finally successful in negotiating their release.
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• Sandinistas-
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A leftist political party formed in Nicaragua whose name was coined by the anti-imperialist leader Augusto Sandino. They ousted the Somoza family and took over the Nicaraguan government in 1979.
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• Pride is Back-
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A slogan developed by Reagan’s administration to end Vietnam Syndrome and help Americans believe that we aren’t getting involved in world affairs after the successful Grenada Invasion.
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• Berlin Wall-
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A wall built to separate east and West Germany because East Germany was made communist. It was finally torn down in 1989 by German civilians to celebrate the end of communist control over East Berlin which promoted east and West Germany to finally unite after WWII.
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• Manuel Noriega-
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Dictator of Panama who was a long time servant of the war fare state for the US. He was given millions of dollars from the US because he became committed helping stop drug lords in Panama from getting into the US and helped the US from leftist governments in Central America. Instead, he bought luxury cars for himself and tortured and killed political opponents with the money he got from the US government. The US recognized it but didn’t do anything about it because he was helping with reducing drugs from coming into the US but they finally invaded Panama and ousted him as the leader and extradited him to be jailed in Florida.
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• Persian Gulf War-
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A conflict in 1990 between Iraq and the UN when Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait which led to the US and other countries sending in their militaries to help push Iraq out of Kuwait.
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• Viet Cong-
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Vietnamese for "Vietnamese Communists", was an insurgent organization fighting against the government of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War
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• TET Offensive-
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A North Vietnamese Plan to launch massive attacks on the Tet holiday on Vietnam in 1960. It causes a 4 week period for North Vietnam to overrun South Vietnam as far as Si-Gone and hit the US embassy there, so the US and South Vietnam counterattack North Vietnam, but many casualties die as a result which Americans were upset about because they saw this as the US extending the Vietnam war.
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• Malai Massacre-
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Most famous massacre of civilians in March 1968 when US soldiers invaded Malai and executed 200 innocent villagers after their officers ordered them too. It caused an investigation which gets enough evidence to charge 30 soldiers and sentence lieutenant William Calley to life, but he was paroled after only 5 months. This made people in the US want to stop the Vietnam War.
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• Hippie Counterculture-
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They age of rebellion that consisted of mainly young baby boomers who were using drugs, having casual sex, and listening to rock music. Most of them moved to Haight-Ashbury in San Francisco and made their own neighborhood that was easily accessible to these things. They went to Woodstock, opposed the war, and fought for world peace.
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• Richard Nixon-
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Elected president in 1968 by campaigning to appeal to the silent majority in the south. During his presidency he does things and says another such as when he bombed Vietnam but told the US that he was going to withdraw troops. Then he got caught in the Watergate scandal, and had mounting evidence against him that proved he had obstructed justice and eventually was pardoned by President Ford.
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o Kent State-
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A College in Ohio in May 1970 where students were killed by the National Guard in Ohio after protesting. Paranoia begins to set into schools and students begin to gain power such as new class options, co-ed dorms, and school officials start to treat students more like adults.
o Roe v. Wade- A 1973 Supreme Court case that confirmed privacy rights and said states cannot prohibit women’s access to abortion before fetal viability (3 months), but abortion still remains a highly contested issue. |
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o Watergate-
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A scandal that started in June 1972 when security guards caught 5 of the plumbers breaking into the Democratic national Committee’s headquarters in the Watergate Hotel in DC. The White House denied that they had anything to do with it and began to destroy evidence of all of their crimes. The FBI started to investigate and Nixon ordered them not too, but the plumbers began to break down and admit Nixon’s scandals which caused other white house staffers to admit that Nixon has a tape recording system in the oval office which also incriminates him so he resigned.
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o John Dean-
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The White House Council to president Nixon that had testified before congress and the senate that Nixon knew all about the cover-up for the Watergate scandal and became one of the key witnesses against him.
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o Salvador Allende-
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A communist elected president of Chile in 1970. Nixon started to block bank loans to Chile because of his election because he wanted to nationalize copper companies, so in 1973, Augusto Pinochet (Chilean Military leader) leads a coo encouraged by the CIAto try to overthrow Allende’s government. Pinochet is successful and Allende committed suicide before he was captured. The US replaced the President and military government which rounded up and executed millions of Chileans, and over the years the Chileans that were killed are called the “disappeared”.
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o Iran Contra Affair-
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A secret arms deal started by Reagan in the 1980’s that secretly sells Iran weapons and missiles to fund the Contras who are anti-Sandinista forces in Nicaragua after congress tells him not to.
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o Tax Reform Act-
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1986 act by Ronal Reagan that lowered top income tax rates to 28% and increased the social security taxes. This caused the number of homeless people to double.
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o Gorbachev-
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leader of Soviet Union that said in December 1988 that Soviet’s will keep a hands off attitude towards its eastern European soviet satellite nations and no longer intervene in global affairs. As a result for the first time since WWII, these countries began to hold their own democratic elections.
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NIXON
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A republican candidate that was elected president in 1968 by appealing to the silent majority who were southern traditionalists who wanted law and order.
He campaigned to withdraw troops “only with honor” which tricked Americans because when he became president, he secretly sent air raids on Vietnam and didn’t withdraw any troops. He conined the term vietnamization and said he would gradually withdraw troops after South Vietnam and their allies were ready to defend themselves, which send over more troops to train and aid them. This is when the US started to mistrust Nixon. Then he expanded the troops into Cambodia which causes college students to protest and students to be killed in Mississippi and ohio on campuses by the national guard and state police Nixon started to make the CIA and FBI to spy on his political opponents, but they wouldn’t so he set up a private roup called the plumbers that was made up of former Cia and FBI members to do his dirty work Eventually a man named Daniel Ellsberg who worked for the department of defense began to hear of some of the lies that Nixon was doing so copied secret government papers and gave them to the NY times to publish called the pentagon papers. Nixon and the plumbers were pissed, so they tried to fight back and say Ellsberg was homosexual but they couldn’t prove it, and they said that it was an issue of national security to publish those papers but the supreme court disagreed. This starts nixons presidency to come into question Nixon started to help wit the environment and safety in the workplace such as the clean air act and OSHA which pisses off republicans because it interferes with the private wealth formation they had tried to ensue, but it has a positive effect and even reduces smog by 50% in 1970 Watergate, Finds out about Illegal break-in’s, campaign fraud, wire tapping, secret slush fund that is laundered in Mexico to pay those who are conducting these secret activities, improper tax audits, political espionage, etc |
