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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Selectins, Immunoglobulin superfamily, integrins
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Adhesion molecules required for stem cell growth
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Colony stimulating factors, interleukins, erythropoeietin
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Growth Factors required for stem cell growth and division
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Reticulocyte cell count
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4.5-5.4 million/mL or 4.5-5.4x10^12/L
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Reticulocytes (%)
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0.2-2%
a useful index of erythropoietic activity in the bone marrow |
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Packed cell volume=haematocrit,
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45%
measures the fraction of blood occupied by RBC's |
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Haemoblobin, amount in blood
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14-18g/dl males
12-16g/dl females an indicator of iron binding capacity |
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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
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<20mm/hour
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White cell count in Blood
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4500-11000/mL or 4-12x10^9/L
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Platelet count in Blood
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130 000-400 000/ mL
-or- 130-400x10^9/L |
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Mean Cell Volume
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Volume of average RBC (80-90femtolitres)
(Haematocrit/red cell count) |
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Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH)
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Concentration of Hb in average RBC (Hb concentration/red-cell count)= 27-33 picograms (pg)
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Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
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Concentration of Hb per dl RBC (Hb concentration/haematocrit)= 32-35 g/dl
-or- 32-36% |
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Decrease in Hb/ RCC/ PCV below reference level for age and gender, occurs in iron deficiency, blood loss, B12 or folate deficiency
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Anaemia
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Increase in Hb/RCC/PCV above reference level for age and gender, occurs in hypoxic conditions at high altitude
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Polycythaemia
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Pallor (loss of skin or mucous membrane colour), Koilonychia (nail curves upwards), angular stomatitis (deep crack and splits form at corners of mouth), glossitis (inflamation or infection of toungue)
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Clinical signs of anaemia
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Anaemia with reticulocyte index >2%
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Excessive RBC destruction or loss
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Anaemia with reticulocyte index <2%
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Decreased RBC production
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Anaemia with megablastic erythropoiesis (B12 or folate deficiency) increased # of reticulocytes, typical in vegans
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Macrocytic normochromic anaemia
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Anaemia usually due to iron defficiency, small RBC's, typical in women of child bearing age due to menstruation
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Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemias
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Anaemia commonly secondary to another disorder (infection, renal failure)
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Normocytic and normochromic anaemias
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Variations in the structure of globin chains due to genetic defects
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Thalassaemias
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Abnormally high rate of RBC destruction from genetic cause or injury
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Haemoglobinopathies
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Sickle cell anaemia is an example of this
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Haemolytic anaemias
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A type of megaloblastic anaemia due to a insufficient supply of B12
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Pernicious anaemia or Addison-Biermer anaemia
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