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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aims of Progressives?
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- efficient and honest GOVERNMENT
- greater regulation of BUSINESS - SOCIAL justice for poor and working classes - SOCIAL welfare to protect children, women and consumers - random: outlaw drugs, alcohol, prostitution, restrict immigration |
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Pragmatism
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(means practical)
William James: "looking towards last things, fruits, consequences, facts" -- does it work? Progressive system of belief |
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Behaviorism
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John B. Watson's belief that human behavior can be shaped at will
idea tossed around in Progressive reform movement |
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Sociological Jurisprudence
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Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes: law was a living organism to be interpreted according to experience and the needs of a changing society.
i.e. environmental view of the law practitioner: lawyer Louise Brandeis |
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Brandeis Brief
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Muller v. Oregon: Muller challenged an Oregon law that limited his laundresses to working 10 hours a day
legal brief: 102 pages of damaging effects of long hours, 15 pages of legal precedents idea: sociological jurisprudence |
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Muckrakers
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Teddy Roosevelt's thought that new reporters had gone too far in digging up social issue news
some muckrakers: McClure's's Lincoln Steffens about Tweed. Ida M. Tarbell's History of the Standard Oil Company |
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Voluntary Organizations
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progressives stressed volunteerism, civic responsibility, collective action
Between 1890 and 1920, 400 organizations were founded to combat ills of industrial society |
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Professionals
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drew of expertise of the professional middle class (doctors, engineers, psychiatrists, etc) to head campaigns that stamped out disease, reformed prisons and asylums, beautified cities
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Pattern of reform
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mix of professionalism/middle class professionals with the uplift of the poor and needy
socially conscious women entering the public eye the hope of creating a better world along middle-class lines |
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Naturalism
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naturalism in fiction and painting
Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives realistic, social subjects |
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Social Work
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new profession that came from realism and progressivism
developed from settlement house movement refused to do work for other people |
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Women's organizations
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mothers' clubs, temperance societies, church groups
included a lot of middle and upper class women At 1900, 500 women's clubs had over 160,000 members |
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New Woman
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1900 saw a new generation of women
better education, less often married, sometimes pursue careers, longer lives |
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Margaret Sanger
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a NY nurse, women cannot be on equal footing until they have complete control over their reproductive functions
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Keating-Owen Act
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An act of social welfare
forbidded goods manufactured by children to cross state lines |
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Militant suffragists
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suffragists driven there by slow progress
using violent tactics to prove their point e.g. Emmeline Pankhurst (England), Alice Paul |
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19th Amendment
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granted women (over 30) the right to vote
happened in 1920 in US |
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Eugenics
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a new science about the idea that newcomers (immigrants) were biologically inferior
heredity largely shaped all human behavior, selective breeding for human improvement is supported |
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Americanization
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assimilating immigrants into the country and educate them on middle-class ways
e.g. Peter Roberts (YMCA), Jane Addams (Hull House) |
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Literacy Test
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a way for less tolerant citizens to restrict immigration
Immigration Restriction League pressed congress for a literacy test for admission to the US, finally passed in 1917 |
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Anti-Saloon League
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part of a movement against a huge drinking problem/saloons
created a huge publicity campaign with scientific and social evidence, led to legislation by 2/3 of states against manufacture and sale of alcohol by 1917 |
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W.E.B Du Bois
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countered Booker T. Washington's settling Atlanta Compromise
professor at Atlanta University, wrote The Souls of Black Folk, no benefit for African Americans in sacrificing intellectual growth for narrow vocational training for suffrage and equal rights |
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NAACP
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
came from WEB Du Bois's Niagara Movement |
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City-Manager Plan
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elected officials appointed an outside expert (city manager) to run things
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Weaknesses of City Government
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the ability to levy taxes, set voting requirements, draw up budgets, legislate reforms were hard to do
as a result, progressives ran candidates |
