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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Philisophies
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"social critic"
wanted to improve society 1. Voltaire d.1778 2. JJ Rousseau d.1778 3. Denis Didaro |
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The 48'ers/49'ers
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Europeans who came to America due to poor order at home in Europe
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Romantiscism
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1815- 1848
heart, instinct, passion 3 unsuccessful revolutions -1820, 1830, 1848 |
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Principles of Enlightenment
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1. Toleration
2. Anti-Clericalism 3. Search for Universals (social) 4. Progress 5. man - a rational animal 6. Optimism (there is hope) 7. Cure all - Education 8. State - agent of reform |
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Baron Charles de Montesque
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d.1775
wrote "The spirit of the Law" - in 1746 was the source of American gov't ideas America - Checks/balances France - defense of Aristocracy vs Crown |
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Clerical Help
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secretarial skills
originally only clergy members could read and write |
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Morés
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a social practice or custom
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Voltaire
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d.1778 - bourgeoise
wrote "Age of Louis XIV" Louise is prime example ruler dark sunspot - revocation of Edict of Nantes |
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Denis Didarot
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editor of "encyclopedia"
-collection essays on odd topics written by and for intellectuals was code criticizing french monarchy |
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Rousseau
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d.1778
wrote "Emile" -don't control others -child centered education wrote "social contract" -political science -treatise on best type gov't -champ of Democracy/Dictatorship 5 illegitimate children in convent Two types of Goals 1. Will of All (short Term) 2. General Will (long term best) -need "legislator" to decide best |
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Enlightened Desspotism
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benevolent dictator
wants to help people |
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European History Power Triangle
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17th Cent. absolute monarchy
18th Cent. aristocracy/nobility 19th Cent. Bourgeoisie 20th Cent. Common man one, few, many, all |
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Age of Aristocratic Resistance
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resistance to royal reform
ultra conservatives Fiscal reform, monarchs in favor aristocrats not |
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Joseph II HRE
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1765-90 HRE
1780-90 Austria son of Maria Theresa(char VI) Quintessential enlightened despot created austrian secret police to spy on aristocrats |
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18th Century Reformers
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1. Joseph II HRE/AU
2. Fredrick II PR 3. Catherine II RU not 4. Louis XV not 5. George III (no power) |
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Maupeou
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appointed PM by Louis XV
abolished 13 parlements, created new ones w/ bourgeoisie abolished later by Louis XVI |
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Ancien Regime
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return to older order
prior to 1798 1815- return to conservatism Jesuits restored by pope (1540)Jesuits created by Loyola |
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Abbè Sieyes
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French
wrote "what is the 3rd estate" dealt with the mistreatment of the 3rd estate |
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Pioutism
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akin to home schooling, but for church studies
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French Revolution Population
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24M total
1k Clergy -1st Est 4k Noble -2nd Est 25M everyone else 98%+ in 3rd estate |
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S. Netherlands History
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1648-Spain (westphalia)
1714-Austria(ultretch) 1797-French 1815-Dutch 1830-Belgium Founded (independent) |
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Treaty of Campoformia
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1797 vs Austria
Land Annexed: 1. (N) 10 S. Netherlands 2. (E) Left bank Rhine 3. (SE) Cisalpine Republic (northern Italy) |
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Scramble/Shame of Princes
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Secular german princes who were stripped of land were allowed to seize right bank ecclesiastical estates
leads to expiration of HRE 10yrs later in 1806 |
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Cisalphine Republic
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ruled by Napolean's appointee's
first big claim to fame decisive blow to habsburgs |
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Coup Dètat de Brumaire
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1799 Political Claim to fame
Replaces religious cal w/ secular calendar/Nov becomes Brumaire |
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Peninsular War
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1808 - w/ Spain
Spain was achilles heel for Napoleon Guerilla warfare nips at Napoleon |
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Napoleon Divorce Josephine
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1809
failure to produce offspring |
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NB. marries Maria Louise
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1810 austrian Princess
daughter of Frances II, laster HRE |
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Vendèe Peasants
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could not marry because no priests were allowed to practice
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Concordat
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1801 - w/ Pope Pious VII
undo the civil constitution of the clergy 1790, where clergy could not practice France turns back to Christian Gov't |
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NB bloodline
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1. Maria Theresa ->
2. Marie Autoinette(m. Louis XIV-> 3. Francis II (HRE) -> 4. Marie Louise m. NB |
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French Rev Phases
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1. 1791 Constitutional Monarch
like England 2. 1792. Republic like America 3. 1804-1814 Empire |
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Lengths of Phases
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1. Constitutional Mon 1yr
2. Republic 12yr 3. Empire 10yr |
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French Empire Proclaimed
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1804
Republicanism floundering Birth of Austrian Empire |
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NB rise to Fame
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1. Treaty of Campoformio 1797
2. Overthrow of Directorate 1799 |
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NB Early Battles
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All vs. Partitioners of Poland
1. Austerlitz 1805 crushes Austria Habsburgs 2. Jena 1806 crushes Prussia Hollenzollerns 3. Friedland 1807 crushes Russia Romanovs -> 1807 treaty of Tilset apex of Napoleon conquest |
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Billy Bloody Battle of Boyne River
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1688-90 Glorious Rev
Louis XIV equips James II stuart with catholic + irish troops in an attempt to overthrow WIlliam III William preemptive strike at Boyne river slaughters irish catholics |
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Phase 2 Divisions
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1. Convention unicameral 3yrs/12execs
2. Directorate 1795 Bicamerial 4yrs/5directors 3. Consolate 1799 3counsils/5yrs |
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12man Committee Pub Safety
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lead by Maximilion Robespierre
reign of terror 12months July93-94 purging of revolutionaries Danton 2nd in command executed leads to shift to phase 2 |
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NB invades Russia
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1812 for not following cont system
enters moscow w/ 500k men leaves with 100k men beginning of end for NB |
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idealoge
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someone firmly committed to a set of ideas
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Louisianna Purchase
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1803 Jefferson 2x size of Usa
NB desperate for money |
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Battle of Trafalgar
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1805 vs. Lord Nelson of GB
defeat of French Navy Nelson martyred hero defeat for NB |
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Turn a Nelson Eye
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Practice willful denial
Lord Nelson from B of Trafalgar |
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Berlin Decre
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1806 in Berlin Prussia
est. continental system defeated countries not to sell to GB ->paper blockade/boycott smuggling becomes rampant hurts Napoleon |
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Battle of Nations/Liebzig
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1813 Nb vs Europe
->1814 abdicates to Elba near homeland of Corsica ->1815 escapes for "100days" defeat at waterloo by Wellington Nb goes to st. Helena |
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Louis XVI 1788
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May-summons local elections for estates general
175 yrs since Est Gen has met voting procedure requests: 1. double # of 3rd estate 2. vote by head not group 1st req approved, 2nd denied |
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1789 Important Events
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may - meeting in versailles/#1- Tennis Court Oath, June
#2. Storming of Bastille, July #3. Night of Abolition Fuedalism, Aug #4 NCA + Royal Fam to Paris, Oct |
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Tennis Court Oath
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June 20th 1789- Peaceful
drafting new constitution for France was ahead of fiscal reform was not officially rec by louis XVI |
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Storming of the Bastille
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July 14th 1789- violent
in Paris great fear of summer 89' Bastille(armory)stormed by angry crowd so citizens could arm against thieves "French Independence Day" ->Louis XVI now recognizes TCO ->Nat Constitutional Assembly formed, first of 6 |
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French Independence Day
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July 14th 1789
Storming of the Bastille |
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Night of the abolition of Fuedalism
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Aug4th 1789
French "slavery" ends Peasants no longer pay tax to nobles only benefit of peasants during French Revolution |
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French Tax System
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1. Tithe - 10% religious tax
2. Taille - Land tax to Crown 3. Several nobility taxes Nobility taxes end after Night of the abolition Fuedalism, Aug 4th 1789 |
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NCA + Royal Family to Paris
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National Constitutional Assembly
+Royal Fam demanded to move to Paris from Versailles bad move for French Revolution |
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1st French Constitution
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1791, single house legislature
suspension veto lasts 1 year |
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Two issues to Constitution Drafting
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1. Royal veto - absolute vs suspensive
->suspensive Veto decided king can only suspend decisions 2. Uni or Bicameral Legislature ->unicameral due to problems England was having w/ Bicameral |
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Civil Constitution of Clergy
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(anti clericalism championed by Voltaire)
clergy defrock stripped of ecclesiastical rights 1. Juring, 2. Nonjuring was reversed in 1801 by NB "single dumbest thing in early French Revolution" - NB |
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Concordat
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1801 w/ pope Pius VII
french now christian in exchange for protecting rights of ecclesiastical offices |
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Flight to Variennes
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1790 - French Royal Family tries to flee France
lead to formation of Republic |
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NB crowned Emperor
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Dec 2,1804
w/ pope, crowns Josephine + himself emp's of France |
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Birth of Empires
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1804 - Both French + Austrian Born
Austria - Francis II (HRE) becomes Francis I Austria NB Emperor of France |
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Reuniting Austria/HRE monarchy
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1780 under Joseph II
son of Maria Theresa |
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Congress of Vienna
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1814-15 Vienna,Austria
Restore Ancien Regime Quadruple Alliance +1 Principles: Legitamacy, Compensation, BOP no restoration of HRE no state of Germany/Italy |
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COV "who"
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1. Austria-Hewens von Matternick
sec of Aus state,called the shots 2. Russia-Czar Alex I 3. Prussia-Prince Hardenberg 4. GB-Lord Castlereigh -> architect of Belgium/Anturp (Quad Alliance) 5. France - Bishop Talleygrand served Louis XVI + XVIII exploits poland-saxon issue |
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COV 3 Principles
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1. Legitamacy - restore gov't from nepotism
2. Compensation - for land lost during French Rev 3. BOP - Poland/Saxony/S. Netherlands |
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Polish-Saxon Issue
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Russian wanted Poland
Prussia wanted Saxony, b/c both sided with France Compromise offered by Talleygrand Poland partitioned off agian |
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S. Netherlands in 1815
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Reunited w/ N. Netherlands
house Orange upgraded to Kingdom Idea of lord castlereigh Port of Antiurp too valuable to fall into wrong hands |
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Types of Gov't Control
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1. Independent
2. Autonomous - foreign policy controlled, domestic policy is not 3. Subjugated- no control over own govt Poland was Autonomous under Russian Czar |
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Man who stopped NB
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Russia- Alex I (1801-25)
secures him spot in COV 1814 |
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Not accomplished COV
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HRE restoration - 9yrs dead already
No Italian state till 1861 no German state till 1871 |
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Nepotism
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give rule of land to siblings
practiced by NB |
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Bourbon Restoration
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1814 Louis XVIII restores line after NB
1814-24, Charles X 24-30 last French Bourbon 3 Branches restored Spain, Italy, France |
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Compensation-Swe/Fin
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1809 Russia steals Fin from Swe
Swe given Norway from Denmark Denmark gets nothing because of siding w/ France 1905 Norway independent 1919 Finland Independent |
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Copenhagening of Denmark
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1801 GB sailed into Copenhagen and deliberately sank Denmark Navy
Denmark wanted to stay neutral, but their navy was strong caused Denmark to side w/ France |
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Duchy of Warsaw
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Poland, under NB
NB created autonomous rule congress/kingdom of Poland wanted help of Polish Military Czar Russia king of Poland, only controlled foreign affairs ->Prussia gets 1/2 Saxony |
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Netherlands Civ War
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1815 "shotgun wedding of Neth"
1830 Civil War over: 1. Religion N-Calv, S-Cath 2. Lang N-Dutch, S-French 3. Econ N-Trade,S-Industry 1830 South wins Rebelion Independent state of Belgium -> Treaty of London 1839 |
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Treaty of London
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1839 by GB, Belgium must stay neutral, must not build army
5 Major powers protected Belgium feared french invasion 1914 Germany invades Belgium Port of Antiurp |
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Port of Antiurp
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Control by S. netherlands/Belgium
leads to Treaty of London 1815 House Orange-Kingdom by Lord Castlereigh, GB |
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Italian States
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N. Piedmont, Lombordge, Venecia
C. Tuscany, Papal states S. Kingdom of 2 Sicilies |
