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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the Native American Movement.
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Migration, Nomadic, Hunter-gatherers, Trade, Agriculture. Came from the Bering Strait/Land Bridge. Mound Builders.
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When did the Native Americans first arrive in the Americas?
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60-100 million years ago
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Describe the Native American religion.
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Religious ceremonies related to farming and hunting. Spiritual power, sacrifices, believed in a single creator.
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Describe the Native American's ideals of land usage.
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Tribes claimed specific areas for hunting. Unclaimed land- free for all use. Owned the right to use land, but did not actually own land. Land= basis of economic life for both hunting and farming. Did not believe in material wealth.
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Communal Ownership & Identity of the Native Americans.
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Gender Roles- Matrilineal (children became members of mother's family, not father's). Women allowed to own dwellings/tools, household duties, agriculture work. (more freedoms than European women had).
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Was freedom based off of ownership of private property for the Native Americans?
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No. "They are born, live, and die in a liberty without restraint."
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What are two main African Kingdoms?
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Timbuktu and Mali
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Why are the caravel, compass, and quadrant important to sailors?
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They allowed for long-distance travelling. Made it possible to sail down the coast of Africa and return to Portugal.
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What are characteristics of African slaves?
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Criminals, debtors, and captives in war. Had well-defined rights: could possess property and could marry free persons. Not hereditary, temporary, not based off of race.
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What event accelerated the use of slaves?
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Portuguese arrival into Africa
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In what year were the first African slaves transported to the Caribbean Islands?
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1502.
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What are characteristics of African Civilizations?
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Diverse, Matrilineal, polytheistic, nature/ancestor worship.
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Where did the Vikings settle?
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Vinland
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What are the Crusades?
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Pope Urban II helped Constantinople to rescue the Holy Land from the Turks. 2/3 of population is Muslim (1/3 Christian, don't want to kill all of the population) so England makes them pay fees in hopes of converting them.
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When was the Black Death prominent?
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1300s
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What were some problems that threatened the Aztecs?
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Diseases, environmental issues, invasions by the Anasazi tribe (cannibalism).
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When do the Muslims shut down trade routes for the Christians?
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1585.
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Where was the first outreak of the Black Death?
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Mongolia in 1340.
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What country had the highest mortality rate because of the Black Death?
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Italy, densely populated.
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What role did the government play during the Black Death chaos?
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None. The government left the people on their own. Only one king died because of it, the rest fled. Church/Government abandoned their people.
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What was the Renaissance?
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The government trying to undo what happened during the Black Death. Rewriting rules, trying to gain the people's trust back.
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When did Constantinople fall?
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1453
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What is the Reformation?
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Martin Luther, John Calvin, in the Western Church, foundation of Protestantism, Henry VIII, divorce, separation from church. (Anglican Church)
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What is Calvin's idea?
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United Church/State for the "Glory of God."
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What is the Counter Reformation?
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The idea of a national Catholic church was grim, Protestantism was growing popular.
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What were the motivators of Early European Conquerors?
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Gold, Gold, Glory
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What religion did Portugal want/not want?
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Catholicism, Islamic. Lasted until 1800s.
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Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?
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Sailor. During the Renaissance, he founded sailing schools. Built faster, lighter, more efficient, bigger, better ships. (Caravel)
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Who sailed to Africa?
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Prince Henry the Navigator. 'First dumb exploration.' Discovered Azores, Canaries, Madeira.
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Why did poor countries like Portugal explore more than countries like France, England, and Italy?
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Because rich countries like France, England, and Italy already had enough money. Portugal was poor and sought after land. (Land=money).
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In the late 1480s, what were the Spanish concerned about?
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They needed a trade route to the Indes without running into the Muslims. (Sail around the tip of Africa)
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Who did a test route to the tip of Africa in 1487?
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Bartholomeu Dias
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When did Columbus stumble upon the India Passage?
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1492
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What provoked an almost war between Portugal and Spain?
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Exploration. Fighting over land. Isabella set up a binding agreement, bribed the Pope to share land. East- Portugal, West-Spain. Obviously, Spain got more land.
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Who sailed to India in 1498?
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Vasco De Gama
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Describe India in the Late 1400s.
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Vasco De Gama makes it to India. Split into North (Muslim) & South (Hindu). De Gama gets one trading post to start with (given more opportunities after one year). Portuguese is the minority. India dd not want Portuguese, however Kings like it because competition= better trade.
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