His

Front 1

henry the navigator

Back 1

3RD son of king of portugal

involved in north africa

finds out about gold in africa

motives to expand- christian crusade

creates school called sagres for study of explorations and tech

Front 2

columbian exchange

Back 2

disease epidemic to natives- small pox, lack of immunity, incas, mayans, aztecs hurt

crops- rice, patatoes and coffee in the new world, corn patatoes, beans and chocolate brought to old world

livestock-gre rapidly, horses brought to new world

Front 3

council of the indies

Back 3

1524

created to supervise religious, gov and commercial aspects in colonies

council was set up in europe which made it hard to give orders across the world due to lack of tech

Front 4

bartalome de las casas

Back 4

1474-1566

spent life fighting exploitation and harm to meso-americans from catholics

orginally came to colonies out of greed

after seeing the exploitation he gave up his old ways and became a preist

wrote books about exploitation

greatest achievement- new laws of 1542 outlawing meso american slavery

Front 5

deterioration of clergy

Back 5

leadership in church declined

church positions were able to be bought to be used to gain wealth

many held multiple positions

positiions were held by nobles

Front 6

pope leo x

Back 6

1513-1546

came from demdici family that loved reniassance and art

designed st peters bisilica

used indulgances to pay for funding

Front 7

martin luther

Back 7

1483-15

started out as a lawyer but ended up joining a monostary and getting doctrine in theology

wrote the pope out of objection to indulgences

called out the pope to a debate, the pope see's this as a personal issue and discommunicates him from the church

luther starts protistant reformation

Front 8

doctrine of salvation

Back 8

catholic doctrine said faith and good works get you to heaven

Front 9

centrality of bible

Back 9

beliefs of luther that christian beliefs should be based solely on the bible

faith alone gets you salvation

Front 10

john calvin

Back 10

1509-1564

starts out as lawyer went to study theology

agreed heavily with luther except he believed predestination

created calvinism- militant religiosu group

churchs were simple

calvinists lived in small communities

Front 11

council of trent

Back 11

1545

group of cardinals, bishops and archbishops

tried to compromise to bring people back to the church

compromise didnt work out and belief of faith and work was needed for salvation

Front 12

nicolaus copernicus

Back 12

1473-1543

monk and mathemitician

wrote book challenging idea of ptelamic universe by saying the sun in the center of the universe

waited till he near death to publish book

Front 13

johannes keplor

Back 13

1571-1630

german mathematician

accepts but alters copermicus theory

developed laws of planetary motion saying orbit is oval

Front 14

galileo galilei

Back 14

1564-1642

italian scientist who invented telescope

discoveries- moon resembling earth, jupiters moons, sun spots,

was ordered by inquisition to ban his thoughts

repeatedly denounced his theories due to threats from inquisition

Front 15

isaac newton

Back 15

1642-1727


created "mathematical principles of natural philosophy" and laws of motion that tied theories together

said universe is one large mechanism, throwing god out of equation

Front 16

theory of absolution

Back 16

political system where king/queen have ultimate and divine power

authority over church as well as state

Front 17

the fronde

Back 17

1648

noble revolt

wanted to limit/reverse build up of power

crushed after 4 years, crushing nobles hopes

Front 18

copernican cosmotology

Back 18

sun is center of universe and planets revolve around it

Front 19

predestination

Back 19

god has it planned whether ou go to heaven or hell

Front 20

ptolemaic cosmotology

Back 20

idea that earth was fixed and motionless

earth was made of land and water

other planets made of air and fire

earth is center, beyond earth is heavenly bodies