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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Slavery |
The ultimate commodification of the worker. |
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1550 AD Slavery |
English started going to Africa |
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1600 AD Slavery |
High demand for African slaves in Europe |
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1619 AD Slavery |
First slaves land in Virginia |
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1660 AD Slavery |
Slavery crystallizes in the colonies |
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1800 AD Slavery |
Gabrielle's Rebellion, Virginia: planned large rebellion in the summer of 1800; ratted out; Gabrielle and 26 rebels hung.
More restrictions on the slaves and free black men |
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1803/04 AD Slavery |
Haitian Revolution: first successful revolt; most successful
Headed by Touissant L'Overture: free black male fighting for his enslaved brethren |
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Jezebel |
Less moral; more promiscuous; justification of assault |
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Mammy |
Maternal; domestic; spiritual |
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Methods of Fighting Back |
Accommodation: Accepting position as a slave
Negotiation: negotiating better position; feigning illness; pregnancy
Resistance: running away; breaking tools; slowly working; violence |
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New Orleans |
North Americas largest slave market
Slaves would talk; self-harm; escaping; bargaining |
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Spain's rule over Mexico |
1521 - 1821 |
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Neophytes |
Successfully converted Native Americans; unpaid as they are being gifted civilty |
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1821 AD |
Mexican independence from Spain
Indians become citizens |
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1829 AD |
Mexico abolishes slavery |
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Indians |
Although free, become new agricultural/working class |
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Manifest Destiny |
Christianity; civilization; progress |
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The Alamo |
1836: fought so that settlers could retain rights to own slaves |
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US - Mexican War |
1846 - 1848: TX, AZ, CA, NM |
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
$15 million for half of TX; 1 year to decide citizenship; US land commission (prove land ownership) |
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Working Class |
Lacks in authority; non-influential choices in the workplace; limited monetary access --> someone else profiting. |
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Job Types |
White Collar: professional; higher earnings; no hard labor
Blue Collar: masculine (construction, firefighter, etc.)
Pink Collar: feminized forms of labor |
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Capitalism |
Eco/political system in which countries trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit. |
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Marx's Labor Theory (3) |
Means of Production: physical tools, tech, natural resources involved in the production of the good
Forces of Production: means of production with the element of human labor
Relations of Production: relations of power that determines who has access to the controls and means of production |
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The Gold Rush |
Caused 10x population increase in CA |
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Foreign Miners Tax Law |
1850: created by white miners; $20 discriminatory tax; meant to keep from mining
Specifically: Mexican and Latin Americans |
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Land Enclosure Movement |
1870-1880's: Marking off territories; barbed wire |
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Chinese Exclusion Act |
1882: restricted Chinese immigration into US; brought on by job paranoia; discrimination |
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US Ethnic Succession |
Changing of the proletariat class
Native Americans --> Asians --> Mexicans |
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EU Immigration Wave 1 |
Northern & Western EU
Ireland, Germany, Scandanavia |
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EU Immigration Wave 2 |
Southern & Eastern EU
Italy, Greece, Poland, Lithuania |
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1850 AD Industrial |
NY most productive manufacturing city
Breakdown of artisan society to wage labor |
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1855 AD |
Irish 28%; German 16% |
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Dockworkers |
Physically demanding casualized labor
Early death: 35 - 54 years old (53%)
Not protected by the state: Maritime Law |
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Garment Workers |
"Homework" |
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1825 AD Industrial |
First all women strike in the US |
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1870's AD Industrial |
Rise of the sewing machine and factory girls |
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1829 AD Industrial |
Working Mens Movement: protest 10/11 hr workdays |
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1830's AD Industrial |
General Trade Unions (GTU)
Craftworkers
50+ unions and almost 40 strikes |
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1836 AD Industrial |
Dockworkers Strike
First time the mayor called upon the military |
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The Jungle |
1906: Upton Sinclaire embodies immigrant workers experiences
Pure Food and Drug Act; Meat Inspection Act |
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Taylorism |
1911: Proposed by Frederick Winslow Taylor
System of scientific management in the workplace
Efficiency |
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Principles of Scientific Management |
Workers easily replaceable
Minimal training
Assembly Line = Max Efficiency
Time Discipline |
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Payment Types |
Daily rate; Piece rate |
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Progressivism |
1900 - 1920's: Diverse group seeking social reform; disliked trusts; Americanizing immigrants |
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Settlement House Movement |
Anti-poverty; adopted from England
1891 - 6 Settlement Houses 1911 - 400+ Settlement Houses
Jane Addams: Hull House (Chicago); sympathetic to labor unions |
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1896 AD Industrial |
Pullman Strike: railroad workers; supported by Hull House; National Guard sent in |
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Cross-Class Alliance |
Progressive women reaching across class boundaries to provide aid |
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1899 AD Industrial |
Florence Kelley: National Consumers League: encouraged women patrons to put pressure on employers
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Social Purity Movement |
Cleaning up society: poverty, sexuality, morality |
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Sexuality & Poverty |
Used to supplement/produce income
Reality of women's economic dependency on men |
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Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire |
March 25, 1911: NY; Deadliest disaster in NYC
Prompted safety legislation in workplace (Exits)
International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) |
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Ludlow Massacre |
April 20, 1914: John D. Rockefeller
Colorado Fuel & Iron Co. (CF&I)
Fighting to have United Mine Workers (UMW) recognized as legit union
14 hrs of gunfire on the innocent; no one indited; miners blacklisted |
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World War I |
1914 - 1918 |
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1920's AD Roaring Twenties |
Chicago center of foreign-language records
Radio "hours:" American commodity preserving roots |
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1920's AD Roaring Twenties: Stores |
Chains: middle and upper class
Local: working class |
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1920's AD Roaring Twenties: Movies |
BPP: only concerned with profits
Neighborhood: racially discriminatory |
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The "Black Economy" |
Supporting people of your own community |
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Pop Culture Generational Tension |
Flappers; makeup; dating (Mexican-American Chaperonage); blending old/new
Commodities influence identities |
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The Farming Industry |
Mechanization, insecticides, fertilizer |
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Agricultural Adjustment Act |
1933: subsidies to farmers from Fed to slow production |
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"Factories in the Fields" |
Taylorism; physically demanding; no benefit |
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Filipinos/Mexicans |
Bodies "naturally suited" for farm labor
"Birds of Passage:" temporary people |
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AFL vs. CIO |
1886: American Federation of Labor: umbrella union; racially restrictive (Asians & Mexicans)
1935: Congress of Industrial Organizations: umbrella union; racially inclusive; AFL's rival |
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Working Class Conscience |
Awareness that you can act together as a group on your shared experiences
Employer Strat: --Competition, incentives --Strikebreakers --"Okies" |
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Dust Bowl Migration |
Migrants from TX, OK, MS, and AS
200,000 to CA |
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The 1933 Strike Wave |
Agricultural and cannery workers
37 strikes in in 8 months: 29/37 |
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World War II |
13 million Americans in military (300,000 Women's Army Corps (WAC))
70% rise in weekly earnings
14 million union members
19 million women workers by 1945 |
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Rosie the Riveter |
Strong woman; provoke action in women to work for country |
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Women's Workplace |
Double day (work/home); 65 cents to mans $1; sexual harassment; lack of advancement; hate strikes (whites vs. minorities); reconversion |
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Dorothy Lange |
1936: "Migrant Mother"
Photography: poverty, farming |
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The New Deal |
1933 - 1936; Pres. FDR 3 R's
Relief: unemployed/poor Recovery: econ to normal Reform: fail-safes inacted |
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1924 AD Xenophobia |
Border Patrol |
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1931 - 1937 AD Xenophobia |
750K Mexicans and Mexican-Americans deported
Public raids; mainly: LA, Chicago, Detroit |
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Bull Market |
1920's: Investing in stock market |
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1928 AD Roaring Twenties |
Stock market boom; stock-broker took on lent money for purchases |
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The Great Depression |
Buying stocks on margin: EXTREMELY risky
Banks put money into stock market secretly |
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Black Tuesday |
October 29, 1929: stock price collapse due to minimal demand; decrease spending all together; interdependency led to global impact |
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Depression |
1929 - 1940's: Dust Bowl ruins farmers
1933: 1/3 of Americans unemployed: wages/hours cut; bread lines |
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Bank Run |
Many withdrawals exceed reserves
1929 - 1933: 401 US banks go bankrupt; no FDIC |
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New Deal Programs |
Rural Development: --Rural Electrification Administration (REA) --Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) --Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) *Opened schools and provided new jobs --Homeowners Loan Corp (HOLC) --Federal Housing Administration (FHA) *Made purchasing a house more feasible |
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Social Security Act |
1935: financial assistance; 1st instance of Fed. individuals financial security |
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Work Progress Administration (WPA) |
1935: 2 million jobs; first to assist women |
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Fair Labor Standards Act |
1938: standardized work code: --44hr/week max --25cents/hr min wage --NO child labor (under 16)
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National Labor Relations Act |
1935: NLRA (Wagner Act): --Board: mediated work negotiations
Major growth in unions |
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corp |
1930's: FDIC: insured deposits up to $2500 |
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New Deal Restrictions |
Excluded: Domestic workers (nanny, servant)
*ONLY industrial workers |
