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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lincoln’s 10% Plan
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-A state could be reinstated into the Union when 10 percent of its voters in the presidential election of 1860 had taken an oath of allegiance to the U.S. and pledged to abide by emancipation.
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Presidential Reconstruction (Andrew Johnson)
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- Originally intended to strip former powerful southerners/aristocrats from their power
- Did not hold true to the plan... After prominent Confederates won elections he started pardoning planters and leading rebels. - This restored the old elite power... gave him the image of the "South's Champion" - Determined to achieve rapid reconstruction |
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Congressional Reconstruction
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Radical Republicans:
- Brought new civic vision to American Life; wanted to create an activist Federal Gov't and the beginnings of racial equality. Moderate Republicans: - More like Radicals but less drastic Conservative Republicans: Insisted reconstruction was over; state Gov'ts were legitimate and southern representatives should be allowed in congress. Northern Democrats: - denounced any idea of racial equality - Supported Johnson's policies |
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Wade-Davis Bill
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Conditions for southern reinstatement-
1. It demanded the "majority" of white male citizens participating in the creation of a new government. 2. To vote or be a delegate to constitutional conventions, men had to take an "iron clad" oath. (Declaring they never aided the Confederate war effort.) 3. All officers above the rank of lieutenant, and all civil officials in the Confederacy, would be disfranchised and deemed "not citizens of the U.S" -Confederate States would be defined as "conquered territories" |
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Black Codes
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Former slaves had to..
- Carry passes - observe a curfew - live in housing provided by a landlord - essentially lose all hope of entering many desirable occupations. |
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Reconstruction Amendments
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13th- Abolished involuntary servitude
- Declared congress shall have the power to enforce the outcome by "appropriate legislation." 14th- Citizen = all persons born or naturalized in the United States. - Cannot take a person's life, liberty, or property "without due process of the law"...everyone has "equal protection of the laws" 15th- Forbade states to deny the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude" |
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Freedmen’s Bureau
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- Federal Agency to aid refugees from the Civil War
- Supplied food, medical services, built several thousand schools |
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Sharecropping
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- System in which farmers kept part of their crop and gave the rest to the landowner while living on his property.
- Since most blacks had no means to get cash/buy their own land... they turned to this. - Started off in a positive manner... but ended horribly when owners and merchants monopolized the system forcing sharecroppers into immense debt. |
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Radical Republicans
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- Brought new civic vision to American Life; wanted to create an activist Federal Gov't and the beginnings of racial equality.
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The myth of “Negro rule”
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- Claims that the south had "been turned over to ignorant blacks"
- Propaganda... served as a central theme in battles over the memory of reconstruction. - 400 blacks served in political office during reconstruction... although they never dominated they esatablished a rich tradition of government service. |
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Carpetbaggers
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- A northerner who moved to the south during reconstruction.
- Most settled seeking business opportunities, teaching jobs, or wanted a warmer climate. |
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Scalawags
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- Native white southerner who cooperated with Republicans.
- Formed a winning coalition with freedmen. |
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Ku Klux Klan
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- Sought to frustrate Reconstruction and keep freedmen in subjection
- Terrorist cell... killed blacks who stood up for their rights... targeted active Republicans. - Created many political implications... |
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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"Separate but Equal"
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Turner’s Frontier Thesis
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- Argued that the advancement of American Settlement westward created a distinctive spirit of democracy.
- Described the west as preserving farmers...log cabins, wagon trains... peaceful. - |
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The myth of “Rugged Individualism”
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Capitalization & Construction of the Transcontinental Railroads
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-Gov't funds the building of railroads
- Land Grants:10 sections for every mile of track - Loans of Public Money: $16,000 on Level Ground $32,000 in “Hilly Country” $48,000 in the Mountains Promises of Contracts - Union Pacific (Irish Workers) & General Pacific (Chinese Workers)... - Avg. 6-7 miles of railroad built per day. |
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Homestead Act
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- 1862
- Gave 80 million acres to settlers to encourage settlement - Worked because West seemed to promise a "second chance" |
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Ft. Laramie Treaty
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agreement between the United States and the Lakota nation, Yanktonai Sioux, Santee Sioux, and Arapaho signed in 1868 at Fort Laramie in the Wyoming Territory, guaranteeing to the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills, and further land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. The Powder River Country was to be henceforth closed to all whites.
- Eventually, Whites would continuously look for gold (breaking the treaty) in the treaty area, and would lead to the Black Hills War. |
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Battle of the Little Bighorn
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- Also known as Custard's last stand
- The battle was the most famous action of the Indian Wars, and was a remarkable victory for the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne. A sizeable force of U.S. cavalry commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer was defeated - Involved 7th Cavalry |
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Decimation of the Buffalo (“Businessmen with guns”)
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- Out west Hunter's wiped out mass amounts of Buffalo collecting $1-$3 for hides... hides were sent out as belts to drive industrial machinery
- Some hunters simply killed and didn't even stop to pick up what they killed. - American Gov't did nothing to stop this... |
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Wounded Knee
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- Involved Big Foot's Band and the 7th Calvary
- U.S. destroyed the Sioux...considered a massacre by some - Conclusion to a struggle that last over 300 - "Whites control over the continent truly apparent" |
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A Century of Dishonor
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- The U.S. Gov't rarely kept it's word in regards to Indians. Often Indians were forced off their land or treaties were broken.
- Buffalo were killed, laws were made and wars were created so that America could expand... |
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Peace Policy
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- The U.S. Gov't would often create treaties or "peace" with Indians and conveniently look the other way when such treaties were broken by white citizens
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Assimilation Policy
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- In many respects, the U.S. force Indians onto reservations, required them to go to schools taught by whites and adopt certain cultural habits of the "white man"
- The U.S. way or the highway... |
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Carlisle Indian School
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-School set up to "civilize" Indians
- Another movement of the Gov't to control Indian life... and make the nation more "white" |
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Dawes Act / Allotment
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- Alloted some reservation lands to individual Indians to promote private property and weaken tribal values among Indians and offered remaining reservation lands for sale to whites.
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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- Was the first significant restriction on free immigration in U.S. history
-The Act excluded Chinese "skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese employed in mining" from entering the country for ten years under penalty of imprisonment and deportation |
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Theodore Roosevelt & Conservation
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- President who aimed to slow down and regulate the slaughterhouses / mills / factories
- Sets aside over 200 million acres of public land - 53 wildlife reserves... 16 national monuments - Environmentalist President.. valued nature |
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The Gilded Age
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- Major growth in the united states from about 1870- 1900
- Response to the industrial growth and prosperity in the U.S. |
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Social Darwinism
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- Survival of the fittest
- Certain people "deserved" to be above others... it is their place - Used by the rich and wealthy business tycoons to control migrant workers and the poor - |
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Scientific Management
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“Deskilling” of the Labor Force
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- No longer did the U.S. economy no long relied on skilled labor but rather machines
- Many jobs were made for "anyone"... assembly lines made it so "anyone could do it" - Marked a changing in the United States industry-wise |
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Railroad Strikes of 1877
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- Unionized Railroad workers organized a series of strikes to protest wage cuts.
- Rioters attacked railroad property all over the U.S.... derailing trains and burning rail yards. - Aimed to break down the power of corporations |
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Haymarket Bombing
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- Chicago 1886 was believed to be caused by anarchists and unionist demonstrators
- Drew more attentions to labor's growing discontent and heightened fear of radicalism |
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American Federation of Labor
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- Founded in 1886... an alliance or national craft unions of over 140,000 members
- Had concrete goals of higher wages, shorter hours, and the right to bargain collectively. - Avoided party politics - Far less radical than the "knights of labor" |
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Samuel Gompers
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-Founded the American Federation of Labor
- Focused on higher wages and job security, he fought against both socialism and the Socialist Party. - Promoted harmony amongst different craft unions |
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Women’s Trade Union League
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- Sought workplace protection legislation and reduced hours for female workers
- Sponsored educational activities and campaigned for womens suffrage |
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The Pullman Strike--- Eugene V. Debs
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- 1894 workers protested over exploitative policies at a company town near Chicago (was railroad passenger car company)
- Workers lived in a "model town" run by the Car Company owner George Pullman... he controlled wages, rent, schooling etc. - Pullman cut wages in an attempt to keep profits.... refused to negotiate - Eugene V. Debs organized strike against all of Pullman's Cars including obstructing mail delivery... - Eventually the U.S. Gov't had to get involved and crush the strike and jailed Debs... |
