His 141 Exam 2 Study Guide

Front 1

John Adams' Thoughts on Government

Back 1

-new constitution should create balanced governments
-does not think the wealthy should be in full control nor the common mob

Front 2

Shay's Rebellion

Back 2

-In Massachusetts there were high poll and land taxes to pay off heavy war debt
-these taxes fell most heavily upon farmers and the poor in general
-when the legislature adjourned in 1786 without providing paper money or relief from taxes, Daniel Shays gathered an "army" of angered farmers
-in 1787 Shays and his men sought a more flexible monetary policy, laws allowing them to use corn and wheat as money, and the right to postpone paying taxes until the depression lifted

Front 3

Articles of Confederation

Back 3

-in 1781 it was made to provide a balance so that all states work together as a whole but does not want the national government to become tyrranical
-very vague and not very strong
-needed approval of 9 states to make it through
-no amendments were made because it was too hard to get a unanimous vote

Front 4

The New Jersey Plan

Back 4

-made by William Paterson and introduced on June 15, 1787
-wanted one legislature body with equal representation for each state
-also would give Congress the power to levy taxes, regulate commerce, and name a plural executive and a supreme court

Front 5

The Virginia Plan

Back 5

-made by James Madison and introduced on May 29, 1787
-two-house legislature where a state's population determines its representation in Congress
-Congress could disallow state laws and would define the extent of its and the states' authority
-the two major issues with these plans were whether to amend the Articles of Confederation or draft a new document and whether to apportion congressional representation by population or by state

Front 6

The Whiskey Rebellion

Back 6

-Alexander Hamilton put a tax on whiskey in 1791
-Pennsylvania farmers made whiskey so they were hit hard by the tax and began protesting
-In 1794 George Washington took militia men to west Pennsylvania to suppress the rebellion which it did because the farmers did not have enough men to fight the army

Front 7

The American System

Back 7

-promoted by Henry Clay during his presidential campaign in 1824
-this was the national bank, the protective tariff, and a national program of internal improvements to bind the country together and strengthen its economy

Front 8

The Monroe Doctrine

Back 8

-the monroe doctrine, as it was later called, came from President Monroe's annual message to Congress in 1823 to warn European powers
-consisted of 4 major points
1. European powers can no longer colonize on the American continents
2. European powers attempting to extend their political system on the western hemisphere will be seen as a threat
3. U.S. will not interfere with existing European powers
4. U.S. will abstain from involvement in European wars

Front 9

Martin Van Buren

Back 9

-believes national, political parties are a great idea
-forms the apparatus of the Democratic party
-after being Jackson's Vice-President he became president in 1836

Front 10

Astor Place Riot

Back 10

-May 9, 1849 demonstrators fought over two different actors' portrayals of Shakespeare's Macbeth
-one actor, Edwin Forest, was the most famous Shakespearean actor in this time period and American audiences loved him
-William Macready was a more restrained, British actor who was snobby to Americans because he did not think American acting was good
-police were forced to fire into the active crowd and killed some demonstrators
-this riot was seen as a fight between classes and showed people's care for their entertainment

Front 11

Robert Fulton

Back 11

-made a steamboat work for shipment of goods
-launched the first steamboat from New York City to Albany in 1807
-his steamboat made it possible to go upstream saving a lot of traveling time

Front 12

Samuel Morse

Back 12

-invented a telegraph in 1832
-by 1840 it was used commercially
-made communication easier and instantaneous