Hip And Thigh Muscles

Front 1

Origin:
Psoas Major
(superior attachment)

Back 1

Transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae, bodies of last thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, and intervertebral disk of each lumbar vertebrae

Front 2

Insertion:
Psoas Major
(inferior attachment)

Back 2

Lesser trochanter of femur

Front 3

Action:
Psoas Major

Back 3

Flexes thigh at the hip joint and flexes vertebral column

Front 4

Muscles that make up the ILIOPSOAS

Back 4

- Psoas Major
- Iliacus

Front 5

Trigger points:
Psoas Major

Back 5

Near both points of attachment

Front 6

Referred Pain Pattern:
Psoas Major

Back 6

Entire lumbar area

Front 7

Synergists:
Psoas Major

Back 7

- Iliacus
- Adductor group
- rectus femoris

Front 8

Antagonists:
Psoas Major

Back 8

- Gluteus Maximus
- Hamstring muscles

Front 9

Origin:
Iliacus

Back 9

Upper two thirds of iliac fossa, ala of the sacrum, anterior inferior iliac spine, and iliac crest

Front 10

Insertion:
Iliacus

Back 10

With psoas major, lesser trochanter of femur

Front 11

Action:
Iliacus

Back 11

Flexes thigh at hip joint

Front 12

Contraction of this large fan-shaped muscle brings the swinging leg forward in walking or running

Back 12

Iliacus

Front 13

Trigger Point:
Iliacus

Back 13

Near the inner border of the ilium behind the anterior inferior iliac spine

Front 14

Referred pain pattern:
Iliacus

Back 14

Entire lumbar area and front of thigh

Front 15

Muscle can mimic menstrual pain and appendicitis

Back 15

Iliacus

Front 16

Muscles usually involved in "pulled groin" or "groin strain" since the superior attachments of these muscles are in the inguinal region at the junction of the abdomen and thigh

Back 16

Combined Iliacus/psoas (ILIOPSOAS)

Front 17

Synergists:
Iliacus

Back 17

- Psoas major
- Adductor group
- rectus femoris

Front 18

Antagonist:
Iliacus

Back 18

- gluteus maximus
- three hamstring muscles

Front 19

Origin:
Piriformis

Back 19

Pelvic surface of the sacrum between the first through fourth sacral foramina and sacrotuberous ligament

Front 20

Insertion:
Piriformis

Back 20

Superior border of the greater trochanter of the femus

Front 21

Action:
Piriformis

Back 21

Laterally rotates thigh at the hip joint and abducts thigh

Front 22

Trigger points:
Piriformis

Back 22

Near the points of attachment

Front 23

Referred Pain Pattern:
Piriformis

Back 23

In the sacroiliac region, the entire buttock and down the posterior thigh

Front 24

Synergists:
Piriformis

Back 24

- superior and inferior gemelli
- quadratus femoris
- internal and external obturators

Front 25

Antagonist:
gluteus minimus

Back 25

Gluteus minimus

Front 26

Tension in this muscle may cause entrapment of the sciatic nerve which normally passes under the muscle but which in some individuals may pass through the muscle.

Back 26

Piriformis

Front 27

Origin:
Obturator Externus

Back 27

Outer surface of superior and inferior rami of pubis and ramus of ischium

Front 28

Insertion:
Obturator Externus

Back 28

Trochanteric fossa of femur

Front 29

Action:
Obturator Externus

Back 29

Laterally rotates thigh at the hip

Front 30

Synergists:
Obturator Externus

Back 30

- superior and inferior gemelli
- quadratus femoris
- internal obturator

Front 31

Antagonists:
Obturator Externus

Back 31

gluteus minimus

Front 32

Origin:
Obturator Internus

Back 32

Pelvic surface of the obturator membrane and the margins of the obturator foramen. Also the internal surface of the pubis and ramus of the ischium

Front 33

Insertion:
Obturator Internus

Back 33

Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femus

Front 34

Action:
Obturator Internus

Back 34

Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint

Front 35

The muscle that surrounds the obturator foramen in the pelvis.

Back 35

Obturator Internus

Front 36

Trigger points:
Obturator Internus

Back 36

In the belly of the muscle

Front 37

Synergists:
Obturator Internus

Back 37

- superior and inferior gemelli
- quadratus femoris
- piriformis
- external obturator

Front 38

Antagonists:
Obturator Internus

Back 38

gluteus minimus

Front 39

Origin:
Gemellus Superior

Back 39

Dorsal surface of the ischial spine

Front 40

Insertion:
Gemellus Superior

Back 40

With tendon of obturator internus into the upper border of the greater trochanter

Front 41

Action:
Gemellus Superior

Back 41

Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

Front 42

Synergist:
Gemmelus Superior

Back 42

- inferior gemellus
- quadratus femoris
- internal & external obturators

Front 43

Antagonist:
Gemellus Superior

Back 43

Gluteus Minimus

Front 44

Origin:
Gemellus Inferior

Back 44

Upper margin of the ischial tuberosity

Front 45

Insertion:
Gemellus Inferior

Back 45

With tendon of obturator internus into upper border of greater trochanter

Front 46

Action:
Gemellus Inferior

Back 46

Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint

Front 47

Synergist:
Gemellus Inferior

Back 47

- superior gemellus
- quadratus femoris
- internal & external obturators
- piriformis

Front 48

Antagonist:
Gemellus Inferior

Back 48

Gluteus minimis

Front 49

Origin:
Quadratus Femoris

Back 49

Upper part of the lateral border of the ischial tuberosity

Front 50

Insertion:
Quadratus Femoris

Back 50

Trochanteric crest of femus

Front 51

Action:
Quadratus Femoris

Back 51

Laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint

Front 52

Synergists:
Quadratus Femoris

Back 52

- superior & inferior gemelli
- piriformis
- internal & external obturators

Front 53

Antagonist:
Quadratus Femoris

Back 53

Gluteus minimus

Front 54

Origin:
Gluteus Maximus

Back 54

Posterior gluteal line of ilium, adjacent posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament and aponeurosis of erector spinae muscles

Front 55

Insertion:
Gluteus Maximus

Back 55

Iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of femur

Front 56

Action:
Gluteus Maximus

Back 56

Upper part- extends and laterally rotates thigh

Lower part - extends, laterally rotates thigh and assists in raising the truck from a flexed position. Also assists in adduction of the hip joint

Front 57

Muscles important in obtaining upright posture; active primarily during strenous activities such as running, jumping, and climbing

Back 57

Gluteus Maximus

Front 58

Trigger points:
Gluteus Maximus

Back 58

Three main points: One near sacrum; one near the ischial tuberosity; and one in the belly of the muscle near the lower fibers.

Front 59

Referred pain pattern:
Gluteus Maximus

Back 59

entire gluteal region

Front 60

Synergists:
Gluteus Maximus

Back 60

- hamstring muscles

Front 61

Antagonist:
Gluteus Maximus

Back 61

- adductor group
- iliopsoas
- rectus femoris

Front 62

Origin:
Gluteus Medius

Back 62

Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium

Front 63

Insertion:
Gluteus Medius

Back 63

Lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

Front 64

Action:
Gluteus Medius

Back 64

Abducts the hip joint and medially rotates the thigh

Front 65

Gluteal muscle targeted for intramuscular injections in order to avoid nerves and blood vessels

Back 65

Gluteus Medius

Front 66

Trigger Points:
Gluteus Medius

Back 66

Along the musculotendinous junction at the iliac crest

Front 67

Referred Pain Pattern:
Gluteus Medius

Back 67

To the lower back and posterior and lateral areas of the buttock

Front 68

Synergists:
Gluteus Medius

Back 68

- Gluteus minimus
- Tensor fasciae latae

Front 69

Antagonists:
Gluteus Medius

Back 69

- adductor group
- gracilis
- pectineus

Front 70

Origin:
Gluteus Minimus

Back 70

Outer surface of the ilium between the middle and inferior gluteal lines

Front 71

Insertion:
Gluteus Minimus

Back 71

Anterior border of the greater trochanter

Front 72

Action:
Gluteus Minimus

Back 72

Abducts the femur at the hip joint and medially rotates the thigh

Front 73

Two muscles together that keep the pelvis from dropping toward the opposite side during walking; also keeps the pelvis level when standing on one foot

Back 73

Gluteus medius & minimus

Front 74

Trigger Point:
Gluteus Minimus

Back 74

Belly of the muscle

Front 75

Referred pain pattern:
Gluteus Minimus

Back 75

The lower lateral buttock down the lateral aspect of the thigh, lower leg to the ankle

Front 76

Synergists:
Gluteus Minimus

Back 76

- gluteus medius
- tensor fasciae latae

Front 77

Antagonist:
Gluteus Minimus

Back 77

- adductor group
- pectineus
- gracilis

Front 78

Origin:
Tensor Fasciae Latae
(proximal attachment)

Back 78

Anterior aspect of the outer lip of the iliac crest and the anterior superior iliac spine

Front 79

Insertion:
Tensor Fasciae Latae
(distal attachment)

Back 79

Middle and proximal thirds of the thigh along the iliotibial tract. The iliotibial band inserts on the lateral epicondyle of tibia.

Front 80

Action:
Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 80

Assists in abduction, medial rotation, and flexion of thigh. Makes the iliotibial tract taug. Stabilizer of the hip.

Front 81

The muscle that braces the knee when walking.

Back 81

Tensor Fasciae Latae (IT Band)

Front 82

Trigger Point:
Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 82

In the belly of the muscle near its proximal attachment

Front 83

Referred Pain Pattern:
Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 83

Localized in the hip and down the lateral side of the leg to the knee

Front 84

Synergists:
Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 84

- Gluteus Medius & Minimus for abduction of the thigh
- Gluteus maximus for flexion of the hip

Front 85

Antagonists:
Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 85

- adductor group
- gracilis
- pectineus

Front 86

Origin:
Sartorius

Back 86

Anterior superior iliac spine and upper half of iliac notch

Front 87

Insertion:
Sartorius

Back 87

Proximal part of the medial aspect of the tibia

Front 88

Action:
Sartorius

Back 88

Flexes, laterally rotates, and abducts the hip joint. Also flexes the torso toward the leg, and flexes and assists in medial rotation of the knee

Front 89

The longest muscle in the body.

Back 89

Sartorius

Front 90

The "tailors muscle" used in sitting on the floor with thighs spread and lower legs crossed similar to a yoga position.

Back 90

Sartorius

Front 91

Trigger Points:
Sartorius

Back 91

Three or four places in the long belly of the muscle

Front 92

Referred Pain Pattern:
Sartorius

Back 92

The entire anterior thigh with concentration at the knee

Front 93

Synergists:
Sartorius

Back 93

- biceps femoris
- semitendinous
- semimembraneous
- gracilis

Front 94

Origin:
Rectus Femoris

Back 94

Anterior head - Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

Posterior head - upper margin of the acetabulum

Front 95

Insertion:
Rectus Femoris

Back 95

Patella and by the patella ligament to the tibial tuberosity

Front 96

Action:
Rectus Femoris

Back 96

Extends the leg at the knee and flexes the thigh at the hip joint.

Front 97

The only quadriceps muscle that crosses both the hip and knee joint.

Back 97

Rectus Femoris

Front 98

"soccer" muscle

Back 98

Rectus Femoris

Front 99

Synergists:
Rectus Femoris

Back 99

- other quadriceps mjuscles
- psoas
- sartorius

Front 100

Antagonists:
Rectus Femoris

Back 100

Hamstring group

Front 101

Origin:
Vastus Medialis

Back 101

Lower half of intertrochanteric line, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, and medial intermuscular septum

Front 102

Insertion:
Vastus Medialis

Back 102

Medial border of the patella and then by the patella ligament to the tibial tuberosity

Front 103

Action:
Vastus Medialis

Back 103

Extends the leg at the knee joint and draws the patella medially

Front 104

The most medial quadricep muscle.

Back 104

Vastus Medialis

Front 105

Trigger Points:
Vastus Medialis

Back 105

In the belly and just above the insertion.

Front 106

Referred Pain Pattern:
Vastus Medialis

Back 106

Entire anterior thigh, especially the lower medial aspect with the most concentrated pain in the knee region.

Front 107

Synergists:
Vastus Medialis

Back 107

- Other quadriceps muscles
- Sartorius

Front 108

Antagonists:
Vastus Medialis

Back 108

Hamstring group

Front 109

Origin:
Vastus Lateralis

Back 109

Proximal intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, and linea aspera

Front 110

Insertion:
Vastus Lateralis

Back 110

Patella and through the patella ligament the tibial tuberosity

Front 111

Action:
Vastus Lateralis

Back 111

Extends the knee joint and exerts a lateral pull on the patella

Front 112

The most lateral muscle in the quadriceps femoris group.

Back 112

Vastus Lateralis

Front 113

Stricking the ligament of this muscle at the patella region causes the characteristic knee jerk reflex test.

Back 113

Vastus Lateralis

Front 114

Trigger Points:
Vastus Lateralis

Back 114

Near each attachment and in the belly of the muscle

Front 115

Referred Pain Pattern:
Vastus Lateralis

Back 115

The anterior thigh especially the lateral surface and again with pain concentrated in the knee.

Front 116

Compression of the knee, or quadriceps muscle imbalance, may pull the patella sideways and produce this condition....

Back 116

Chondromalacia patellae or "runners knee"

Front 117

Synergists:
Vastus Lateralis

Back 117

- other quadriceps muscles
- sartorius

Front 118

Antagonists:
Vastus Lateralis

Back 118

hamstring group

Front 119

Origin:
Vastus Intermedius

Back 119

Anterior and lateral surfaces of the proximal two thirds of the body of the femur

Front 120

Insertion:
Vastus Intermedius

Back 120

Deep surface of the tendon of the rectus femoris and vastus muscles. Patella and through the patella ligament to the tibial tuberosity

Front 121

Action:
Vastus Intermedius

Back 121

Extends the knee at the joint

Front 122

Smallest and deepest muscles of the quadriceps femoris group

Back 122

Vastus Intermedius

Front 123

Trigger Points:
Vastus Intermedius

Back 123

near the proximal attachment.

Front 124

Referred Pain Pattern:
Vastus Intermedius

Back 124

Deep anterior thigh

Front 125

Synertists:
Vastus Intermedius

Back 125

- other quadriceps muscles
- sartorius

Front 126

Antagonists:
Vastus Intermedius

Back 126

hamstring group

Front 127

Origin:
Biceps Femoris

Back 127

Long head - ischial tuberosity

Short head- lateral lip of linea aspera, proximal two thirds of supracondylar line

Front 128

Insertion:
Biceps Femoris

Back 128

Common tendon passes downward to insert on head of fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia

Front 129

Action:
Biceps Femoris

Back 129

Flexes and laterally rotates the knee joint and extends the thigh

Front 130

The most lateral muscle of the hamstring group.

Back 130

Biceps Femoris

Front 131

Trigger Points:
Biceps Femoris

Back 131

In the belly of the muscle and near the insertion

Front 132

Referred Pain Pattern:
Biceps Femoris

Back 132

From the ischial tuberosity to the back of the knee and down the posterior leg to mid-calf

Front 133

Synergists:
Biceps Femoris

Back 133

- other hamstring muscles
- gracilis
- gastrocnemius
- sartorius

Front 134

Antagonists:
Biceps Femoris

Back 134

Quadriceps femoris group

Front 135

Origin:
Semitendinosus

Back 135

Ischial tuberosity

Front 136

Insertion:
Semitendinosus

Back 136

Upper medial surface of the shaft of the tibia

Front 137

Action:
Semitendinosus

Back 137

Flexes and slightly medially rotates leg at knee joint, and extends the thigh at the hip joint

Front 138

Trigger Points:
Semitendinosus

Back 138

In the belly of the muscle and near the insertion

Front 139

Referred Pain Pattern:
Semitendinosus

Back 139

The back of the leg to midcalf

Front 140

The muscle group used to slow the leg down at the end of its swing; susceptible to being strained by resisting the momentum of the action

Back 140

Hamstrings

Front 141

Synergists:
Semitendinosus

Back 141

- other hamstring muscles
- gracilis
- gastrocnemius
- sartorius

Front 142

Antagonists:
Semitendinosus

Back 142

- quadriceps femoris

Front 143

Origin:
Semimembranosus

Back 143

Ischial tuberosity

Front 144

Insertion:
Semimembranosus

Back 144

Poster part of the medial condyle of tibia

Front 145

Action:
Semimembranosus

Back 145

Flexes and slightly medially rotates leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip

Front 146

The most medial member of the hamstring group.

Back 146

Semimembranosus

Front 147

Trigger Points:
Semimembranosus

Back 147

In the belly and near the insertion

Front 148

Referred Pain Pattern:
Semimembranosus

Back 148

The back of the thigh, to behind the knee and down the back of the leg to mid-calf.

Front 149

Synergists:
Semimembranosus

Back 149

- other hamstring muscles
- gracilis
- gastrocnemius
- sartorius

Front 150

Antagonists:
Semimembranosus

Back 150

- quadriceps femoris group

Front 151

Origin:
Gracilis

Back 151

Inferior ramus and body of pubis

Front 152

Insertion:
Gracilis

Back 152

Medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle

Front 153

Action:
Gracilis

Back 153

Adducts thigh at hip joint and flexes leg at knee joint. Assists in medial rotation.

Front 154

Trigger points:
Gracilis

Back 154

In the belly of the muscle and near the origin

Front 155

Referred Pain Pattern:
Gracilis

Back 155

Deep into the groin, into th emedial thigh, and downward to the knee and shin

Front 156

Because this is a relatively deep muscle of the thigh adductor group, together with its nerves and blood vessels, it has been transplanted to replace a damaged muscle.

Back 156

Gracilis

Front 157

Synergists:
Gracilis

Back 157

- adductor group

Front 158

Antagonists:
Gracilis

Back 158

- tensor fasciae latae
- gluteals

Front 159

Origin:
Pectineus

Back 159

Pectineal line on superior ramus of pubis

Front 160

Insertion:
Pectineus

Back 160

From lesser trochanter to linjea aspera of femur

Front 161

Action:
Pectineus

Back 161

Flexes femur at hip and assists in adduction of femur at hip

Front 162

The uppermost of the addcutor group of muscles

Back 162

Pectineus

Front 163

Referred pain pattern:
Pectineus

Back 163

Deep into the groin area

Front 164

Synergists:
Pectineus

Back 164

- adductor group
- gracilis

Front 165

Antagonists:
Pectineus

Back 165

- gluteus minimus and medius
- tensor fascae latae

Front 166

Origin:
Adductor Brevis

Back 166

Outer surface of inferior ramus of pubis

Front 167

Insertion:
Adductor Brevis

Back 167

Upper one third of medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur

Front 168

Action:
Adductor Brevis

Back 168

Adducts the thigh. Assists in flexion and medial rotation

Front 169

Referred Pain Pattern:
Adductor Brevis

Back 169

Deep in the groin to the medial knee and on to the shin

Front 170

Synergists:
Adductor Brevis

Back 170

- adductor muscles
- pectineus
- gracilis

Front 171

Antagonists:
Adductor Brevis

Back 171

- gluteus medius and minimus
- tensor fasciae latae

Front 172

Origin:
Adductor Longus

Back 172

Anterior body of pubis

Front 173

Insertion:
Adductor Longus

Back 173

Medial one third of medial lip of linea aspera of femur

Front 174

Action:
Adductor Longus

Back 174

Adducts and flexes thigh. Assists in medial rotation.

Front 175

The most anterior of the adductor muscles.

Back 175

Adductor Longus

Front 176

Referred Pain pattern:
Adductor Longus

Back 176

- Adductor muscles
- Pectineus
- Gracilis

Front 177

Antagonists:
Adductor Longus

Back 177

- Gluteus medius & minimus
- Tensor Fasciae Latae

Front 178

Origin:
Adductor Magnus

Back 178

Inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium and inferior portion of ischial tuberosity

Front 179

Insertion:
Adductor Magnus

Back 179

Linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur

Front 180

Action:
Adductor Magnus

Back 180

Adducts and extends thigh; assists in medial rotation

Front 181

Largest muscle of the adductor group.

Back 181

Adductor Magnus

Front 182

The femoral artery and vein emerge through the adductor hiatus within this muscle...

Back 182

Adductor Magnus

Front 183

Referred Pain Pattern:
Adductor Magnus

Back 183

Deep in the groin down to the knee and to the shin

Front 184

Synergists:
Adductor Magnus

Back 184

- other adductor muscles
- pectineus
- gracilis

Front 185

Antagonists:
Adductor Magnus

Back 185

- gluteus medius & minimus
- tensor fasciae latae