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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the upper limbs undergo rotation in what direction embryologically |
lateral |
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the lower limbs undergo rotation in what direction embryologically |
medial |
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the extensors for the upper limb are posterior or anterior |
posterior |
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the extensors for the lower limb are posterior or anterior |
anterior
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what are skeletal components of the pelvic girdle |
Os Coxae, sacrum, coccyx |
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what are the movements of the hip |
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what is the fascia in the thigh called |
fascia lata |
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the fascia lata is anchored superiorly to what structures |
iliac crest and inguinal ligament |
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the fascia lata is thickened laterally to form what structure |
iliotibial tract |
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what are the major branches of the lumbosacral plexus |
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what nerve innervates the anterior thigh |
femoral nerve |
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what nerve innervates the medial thigh |
obturatory nerve |
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what nerve innervates the gluteal muscles |
gluteal nerves |
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what nerve innervates the posterior thigh, leg, and foot |
sciatic nerve |
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what ligaments surround the hip joint |
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what muscles make up the hip flexors |
the iliacus and psoas major making up the iliopsoas |
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the iliopsoas inserts on what |
the lesser trochanter |
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what innervates the ilopsoas |
femoral nerve |
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what is the knee extensor |
the muscles of the quadriceps femoris |
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what muscles make up the quadriceps femoris |
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which muscles cross only the knee with respect to the quadriceps femoris |
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what muscle crosses the hip and knee with respect to the qudriceps femoris |
the rectus femoris |
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what muscle is knows as "Tailor's Muscle" |
sartorius |
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what are the actions of the sartorius at the hip |
flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation |
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what are the actions of the sartorius at the knee |
flexion |
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what nerve innervates the sartorius |
femoral nerve |
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what are the muscles of the medial thigh |
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what is the action of the obturator externus |
laterally rotate the hip |
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what is the action of the pectineus |
adduct and flex the hip |
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what nerve innervates the pectineus |
femoral nerve |
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what is the action of the gracilis |
adduct hip, flex knee |
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what is the action of the adductors |
adduct hip and medially rotate thigh |
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the femoral artery is continuous proximally to what artery |
the external iliac artery |
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when does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery |
after passing the inguinal ligament |
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the femoral artery runs in the adductor canal which is partly covered by what muscle |
sartorius |
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the femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus located in what muscle |
adductor magnus |
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when the femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus what artery does it then become |
popliteal artery |
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what are the branches of the femoral artery |
deep artery of the thigh which has 3 branches those being the medial circumflex femoral artery, lateral circumflex femoral artery, and perforating arteries |
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the femoral nerve is lateral to what vessel |
femoral artery |
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what muscles does the femoral nerve innervate |
all anterior thigh muscles and the pectineus |
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the femoral nerve gives off cutaneous branches to what areas |
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what nerve innervates all muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh (except pectineus) and skin over medial thigh |
obturator nerve |
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what are the actions of the gluteus maximus |
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what nerve innervates the gluteus maximus |
inferior gluteal nerve |
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what is the action of the tensor fasciae latae |
stabilize knee in extension |
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what nerve innervates the tensor fasciae latae |
superior gluteal nerve |
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what muscles abduct the femur and stablize the pelvis during stance phase (preventing pelvic drop) |
gluteus medius and gluteus minimus |
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what nerve innervates the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus |
superior gluteal nerve |
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what muscles make up the gluteal muscles |
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the piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus all have what action |
laterally rotate and extend femur |
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what is the action of the quadratis femoris |
laterally rotates the femur |
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what portion of the adductor magnus does not cross the knee |
hamstring portion |
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what muscles make up the posterior thigh |
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where do all of the muscles of the posterior thigh originate |
on ischial tuberosity |
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which muscles of the posterior thigh attach on the medial side of the knee |
sememembranosus and semitendinosus |
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what muscles of the posterior thigh attach on the lateral side of the knee |
biceps femoris |
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what are the actions of the posterior thigh (except for the adductor magnus) |
extend hip and flex knee |
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what nerve innervates the muscles of the posterior thigh |
tibial portion of sciatic nerve |
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the sciatic nerve supplies motor to what muscles |
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the sciatic nerve supplies sensory to what structures |
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what is the pathway for the sciatic nerve |
exits greater sciatic notch inferior to pririformis muscle, runs through posterior compartment of thigh and into popliteal fossa where it splits into tibial and common fibular nerves |
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what quadrant of the hip is a safe site for intramuscular injections |
upper lateral quadrant |
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movement of knees in what direction minimizes lateral shift in center of gravity |
toward midline (adduction of hip) |
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what action of the hip control and limits the pelvic tilt (drop) |
abduction on stance side |
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what bone articulates with distal end of the femur |
patella |
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the patella is embedded in what tendon |
quadriceps tendon (sesamoid bone) |
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which leg bone do you take bone grafts from |
fibula |
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what fossa is posterior to the knee joint |
popliteal fossa |
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the knee joint includes what three bones |
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what is the largest synovial joint in the body |
knee joint |
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what are all of the compartments of the knee joint |
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the lateral meniscus and medial meniscus are both attached to what structure |
intercondylar region of the tibial plateau |
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the medial and lateral menisci are connected anteriorly by what ligament |
transverse ligament of the knee |
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what are the collateral knee ligaments |
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what is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament |
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what is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament |
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the synovial membrane of the knee joint is separated form the patellar ligament by what |
infrapatellar fat pad |
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the synovial membrane expands into what structure to decrease friction at the joint |
suprapatellar bursa |
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true or false; the synovial membrane encloses the cruciate ligaments |
false |
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what actions of the knee results in locking the knee into position |
extension and medial rotation |
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what muscle causes unlocking of the knee |
popliteus muscle |
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the popliteus muscle initiates what action to unlock the knee |
lateral rotation of femur on the tibia |
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what vessels and nerves run through the popliteal fossa |
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what is the most common injury to the knee |
ACL |
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what is an ACL tear caused by |
planting the foot and then quickly twisting or changing direction |
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what is the action of the anterior compartment of the leg |
dorsiflex foot, extend toes, invert foot |
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what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg
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deep fibular neve |
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what is the action of the lateral compartment of the leg |
evert foot |
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what nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg |
superficial fibular nerve |
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what are the actions of the posterior compartment of the leg |
flex knee, plantarflex, invert foot, flex toes |
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what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg |
tibial nerve |
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the superficial group of the compartments of the leg all insert into the heel via what tendon |
calcaneal tendon |
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in the deep group of the leg how many muscles act on the knee and act on the foot |
one muscle acts on the knee and three act on the foot |
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what posterior compartment is made of what groups |
superficial and deep |
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what are the superficial muscles of the posterior leg |
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what is the action of the gastrocnemius |
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the two heads of the gastrocnemius forms the inferior border of what |
the popliteal fossa |
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the is what action of the soleus |
plantarflex ankle |
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what is the action of the plantaris |
weakly flex knee and plantar flex ankle |
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what muscle of the superficial muscles of the posterior leg can be absent 5-10% of the time |
plantaris |
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the superficial muscles of the posterior leg all come together to form what |
the achilles tendon |
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what nerve innervates the superficial muscles of the posterior leg |
tibial nerve |
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what are the deep muscles of the posterior leg |
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what is the action of the popliteus |
unlocks knee from extended position by laterally rotating the femur |
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what is the action of the flexor digitorum longus |
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what is the the action of the flexor hellucis longus |
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what is the action of the tibialis posterior |
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what nerve innervates the deep muscles of the posterior leg |
tibial nerve |
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the main artery of the posterior leg is the popliteal artery which splits into what arteries |
anterior and posterior tibial artery |
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what is the pathway for the anterior tibial artery |
passes through interosseous membrane to get to anterior leg |
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what artery of the posterior leg gives off the fibular artery to the lateral leg |
posterior tibial artery |
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the main nerve of the posterior leg is the sciatic nerve which splits up into what nerves
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tibial and common fibular nerve |
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where does the sciatic nerve split |
popliteal fossa |
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what is the pathway for the tibial nerve |
runs down length of posterior leg into sole of foot |
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what is the pathway of the fibular neve |
wraps around head of fibula and runs to lateral and anterior compartments |
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what are the contents of the tarsal tunnel
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Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum longus, posterior tibial Artery, tibial Nerve, flexor Hallucis longus |
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what is the acronym for the contents of the tarsal tunnel |
Tom, Dick, ANd Harry |
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what are the anterior muscles of the leg |
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus |
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what are the actions of the tibialis anterior |
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what are the actions of the extensor hallucis longus |
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what are the actions of the extensor digitorum longus |
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what nerve innervates the anterior leg muscles |
deep fibular nerve |
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what are the lateral leg muscles |
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what are the actions of the fibularis longus |
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what are the actions of the fibularis brevis |
evert foot |
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what is the pathway for the fibularis longus |
runs across the sole of foot to insert on base of first metatarsal |
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what is the insertion of the fibularis brevis |
base of 5th metatarsal |
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what nerve innervates the lateral leg muscles |
superficial fibular nerve |
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the common fibular nerve wraps around the fibular head and splits into what |
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the superficial fibular branch supplies innervation to what |
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the deep fibular branch supplies innervation to what |
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the deep fibular branch runs with what artery into the dorsum of the foot |
anterior tibial artery |
