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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Holy Books
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Rig Vedas and Upanishads
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Two aspects of hinduism...
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1. Nirguna
2. Saguna |
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What to know about Nirguna:
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1. god w/o attributes
2. believe it's not an object and therefore cannot find it |
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Brahma = ?
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creator
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Vishnu = ?
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preserver
10 avatars (divine incarnation) |
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Ganesha
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remover of obstacles
lord of hosts symbolizes fortune and wisdom |
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Hanuman
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half-monkey
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Dharma
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religious (brahmins)
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Brahmin
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priests
in Upanishads this is our moral obligation |
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What do the Upanishads teach us?
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"to know yourself is to know your dharma"
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Central message of the Upanishads = ? = ?
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= Atman = brahman
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What is the central message?
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know your true calling
calling follow the vishnu gods that you want |
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4 Goals of Hinuism
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Kama
Artha Dharma Moksha |
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Kama
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pleasure
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Artha
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Gains
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Dharma
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Righteousness: they mean a spiritual connection to do what is right because its right NOT because you have to
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How do you reach Moksha?
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yoga
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Yoga allows you to reach
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samsura (nirvana)
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samsura
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realm of life and death is where we live
where we are constantly incarnate & reincarnate depending on your karma |
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what are the two goals that have to do with fullfilling oneself
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Kama and Artha
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4 stages of Hinduism life
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1. student
2. houeholder 3. Hermit 4. Renunciant |
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varnas
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castes
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4 varnas
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1. brahmins (head)
2. kshatriyas (arms) 3. vaishyas (ghandi) ((thighs)) 4. Shundras (feet) |
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Laws of Mann (c. 100 c.e.)
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codes of law that tell all about the 4 varnas, stages, and goals
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The Upanishads teach to
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"know yourself"
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monism versus dualism
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monism
-everything is already one in the universe -reflection of ultimate reality dualism -sees God completely separate from creation/reality |
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3 types of yoga
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karma yoga
Jnana yoga Bhakit yoga |
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Student Stage
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ahsrams
people are learning the teachings and practices |
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Householder Stage
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men does guy things and wife maintains the house and kids
women moves to husband's family |
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Hermit Stage
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one who withdraws from society in search of Moksha; usually only men
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Renunciant
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has experienced the divine/enlightenment
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sadhus
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holy men in the renunciant stage
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Brahmin caste
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sacrifices, know the Upanishads, temple scholars
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kshatriya caste
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rulers/warriors that keep order
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vaishya caste
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merchants/craftsmen
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shudra caste
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peasants - manual labor
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harijans caste
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lowest of the low
"untouchables" if you touch one you have to go through rituals |
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Karma yoga
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path of selfless service or action
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Jnana yoga
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spiritual/wisdom insight
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Bhakti yoga
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devotion or love
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The Bhagavad Gita
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"The song of the Lord"
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Arjuna
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warrior = atman = jiva = the outer self
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Pantajali
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written works of how to do yoga
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hatha yoga
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concerned with physical movement and controlling the body
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asanas
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postures of positions of yoga
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The three forms of yoga need to be
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brought together
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The Bhagavad Gita
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"The Song of the Lord"
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Arjuna
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warrior - atman = jiva = the outer self
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the Bhagavad Gita teaches that we must learn to
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detatch ourselves from our actions
REASON: people were leaving families behind |
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Advaita Vedanta
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Philosophy emphasizing non-dualism, teaches that all is really Brahman; what appears as other than Brahman is "maya"
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Shankara
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philosopher mystic who embraced non-dualism/monism
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Advidya
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ignorance(non-vedic)
not able to see reality as it is...we need to remove this to recognize the divine |
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Maya
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illusion
we need overlook illusions/obstacles so encounter reality ho it is |
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Avidya and Maya
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remove one to remove the other
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Yantra
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cosmic representation of the universe
visually divine throughout |
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mantras
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simple phrase you repeat
"Om Mani Padme um" (jewel in the lotus) |
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Seven Chakras
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energy centers that the Kundalini energy moves through Chakras
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Bhakti
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devotion/love for deities
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Bhakti opens the door...
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...to deity or the divine, epecially for women; women have special positions with dancing or reciting poetry
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Lakshmi
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wife of vishnu
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Shiva/Shakti
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Parvati/Kali
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Kali
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dark one who represents the unknown/hidden dimension
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Social Class System
Eastern |
get rid of impurities and purify body, mind and soul
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swaraj
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independence
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Satyagraha
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holding the truth "truth in God & God is truth"
--not enough to study own faith but also get acquainted with other texts (Gandhi said we had the moral obligation to do this) |
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Bramhachyara
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practice of asceticism
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What did Gandhi integrate his life and thoughts with?
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Karma Yoga
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Bahkti (women)
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women could be poets
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Women could be...
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...gurus in Tantric tradition
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Founder of Jainism
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Vardhamana
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Vardhamana
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"the Mahauvira" - the great hero
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Jivas
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souls
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Jinas
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conquering
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according to Jainic tradition...
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...the particles of life are spread everywhere and therefore animistic
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Jainic goal
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get rid of impurities and simplify as much as possible
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ascetism
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fasting, abstinence, poverty
--try to minimize possessions because its time consuming |
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ahimsa
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"non-violence"
we dont have to kill in order to survive treat others how you want to be treated vegetarian |
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Two Jainic Monastic Orders
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Digambaras
Swetamburas |
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Digambaras
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naked because thats how we are born and should end
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Swetamburas
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thin white (purity) garment
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Shikism
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born out of Hinu and Muslim
don't embrace ascetism because by God's "will" you will be saved emphasize simple and comlex prayers |
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10 gurus of Shikism
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last died around 1708 (Gobind Rai)
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Gurunanak (1470-1540)
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lord of the true name
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true name
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"sat nam"
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Shikism is
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monotheistic
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Kirpan
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double bladed knife - symbolizes courage and male/female
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Adi Granth
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holy scripture of Shikism
says to leave hair long because God wants it like this |
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Amritsak
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holies Shikism temple in all of India (golden temple)
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Amrit
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nectar of life (drink)
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Khalsa
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military order
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The transcendental movement was started in US by
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Maharishi Yogi
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Advaitavendata
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school of thought relating to non-duality
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who brought Advaitavendata to the US?
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Vivekananda and Ramakrishna
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Hare Krishna
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Bahkti movement from India that helps people reach a state of conscienceness of Krishna
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Sai Baba 1960s
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brought Hinduism to the US (myrtle beach)
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Other names for Buddah
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siddhatra Guatama
shakyamuni |
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differences between buddhism and christianity
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buddhism believes in many rebirths
What's the point of following christ if we can't be like him |
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Gnosis
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knowledge
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Sangha
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group that takes buddhism and lives by it
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Four people that Buddah saw on his trip out
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old man represents aging
sick man represents suffereing corpse represents death monk represents enlightenment |
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finally after some years of ascetisim he finds..
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...what he is doing ISNT all buddha nature
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Buddha goes under a tree where...
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...Mara tempts him. He resists and finally empties himself and comes in tough with his true Buddha nature and soon gets ppl to follow him
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3 Jewels (pillars) of Buddhism
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Seek refuge in:
1 Buddha 2 Dharma - teachings of the Buddha 3 Samgha - buddhist community (monks and nuns too) |
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4 Noble Truths
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1 all life is suffering
--unsatisfying, life brings pain and suffering 2 suffering is caused by desire --greed, unhealthy 3 there can be an end to desire --through enlightenment 4 the way out is in the 8 fold plan |
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Buddhists say that we have the moral duty to save all life to avoid...
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...suffering
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summary of 8 fold path
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morality (Sila) (right speech, action, mindfulness)
concentration (samadhi)(right effort, mindfulness, meditation - 2 types: samudhi, vipassana) wisdom (prajna) - right understaning thoughts |
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4 unlimited virtues
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1 friendliness - smiling is huge (transformation). important because you are mindful everyday of meeting new ppl in life. this includes flowers, bugs, etc
2 compassion - AKA karuna. key to spirituality. kill something you kill part of yourself 3 joyful - even in stress be cheerful and share with others 4 equinimaty/mindfulness - being able to react well in circumstances with more compassion and be serene |
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2 Major Buddhist Branches
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Theravada and Mahayana
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theravada
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theravadin
"small vehicle" - small group of people who understand buddhist elite Thailand, Sri Lanka historical buddha enlightenment:Arhant (ind enlightenment) Tripitaka (written in pali) meditation: sanadhi (gradual) and upassana (direct) samsara (realm of reality) is NOT equal to nirvana For those who are not yet enlightened |
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Mahayana
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Mahyanist
Tibet, Japan, Vietnam comsic buddhas - many buddhas and more to come enlightenment: Bodhisattva (collective enlightenment) helps all to be aware of the buddha nature Tripitaka and Sutras (written in sanskrit) meditation: chanting (anyone can do this) samsora = nirvana for the enlightened |
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Current Dali Lama
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Tenzin Gyasto
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Dharamsala
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Indian city where Dali Lama lives today
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Dali Lama Titles
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The XIV Dali Lama
Kundun = divine presence Rimpoche = eminence |
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vajrayana (or tantric)
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"The Thunderbolt verse"
-->diamond (buddha stone becomes diamond) |
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Yogacara
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emphasize "the mind" or "the void" because to be empty of everything is to be full of good
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Zen
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Buddhism in Japan
started in India as Dhyana Dhyana - meditation |
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Chan
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also buddhism in India
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Zen Buddhism addresses enlightenment
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they beleive anyone is potentially a Buddha
They beleive that breathing is very important It's direct and you can be enlightened |
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The Bardothodol
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AKA Tibetan book of the dead
prepares person who is dying to move through realms and die how to identify "the void" |
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Koans
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helps you break through the logic of your mind and see reality how it is
they are asked these questions in order to try and be a buddha |
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Pure Land Buddhism
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you can be saved by another power that can hit you like thunder
they chant things like the name of "Amitabha/Amida" |
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Amitabha
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Buddha of compassion
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Negative Roles of Women in Buddhism
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denied that women can reach nirvana
In tantric women have been exploited in theory they are equal in tantric but not really |
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Buddhism to America
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Chinese laborers in CA
established in San Diego 1st pure land temple in Hawaii Zen is the most popular in US Suzuki was major representative of Buddhism in US |
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Bodhidharma
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Zen spiritual master who brought it from China-->Japan
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