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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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BCE/CE
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BCE= Before Common Era
Same Time as BC CE= Common Era Same as AD |
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The Insider/Outsider Problem
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Objective vs. Subjective
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Orthodoxy
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Correct Beliefs
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Orthopraxy
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Correct Practices
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Critiques of Confessional method (The defensive strategy)
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Separation of Church and State
No Naming of One Religion as the true one |
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Confessional Method
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Helps to understand a religion by understanding beliefs in depth
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Reductive Methodology
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Outsider Perspective
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The Reductive strategy
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monotheistic method vs polytheistic method
reduce to logic of own view |
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Karl Marx (1818-1883) (The Communist Manifesto)
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Anti-Capitalism
communist |
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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) (Totem and Taboo/The Future of an Illusion)
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Gap of Rich and Poor
Religion is historically violent |
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Critique of reductive methods
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I am right and you are wrong simply because you do not believe the same as I do
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Comparative Method
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Used This Course
"Wisdom Perspective" Draws the BEST from many religions be sympathetic |
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Hinduism
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3rd Largest Religion in the World
Oldest Still Practiced (with Judaism) India/Nepal (900 million people) Hindus (1 billion worldwide, 700million in India) 330 million gods and goddesses No historical founder, no creed, no unified doctrine, no centralized authority, etc. |
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Epistemology
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Study of Knowledge
greek for "knowledge" |
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Metaphysics
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What is the ultimate nature of reality
What is the nature of Ultimate Reality |
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Polytheism
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Many Gods
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Monotheism
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One god
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Pantheism
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all is God. Everything is sacred.
Transcendentalism |
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Monism
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impersonal, undifferentiated on God
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3 main sources of Hinduism: (family resemblances)
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1. Brahmanical orthodoxy
2. Renouncer tradition 3. Local practices/beliefs |
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Brahmanical orthodoxy
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(caste system)
only reincarnated into higher caste Highest Caste -scholars of the Vedas -priests |
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Vedas
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Scriptures from 1200 BCE
-carried from older oral traditions -orthodoxy (polytheistic) (1500-800 BCE) |
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Renouncer Tradition
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you cant live a worldly life and a Godly life at the same time
voluntary poverty- will NOT own property or goods voluntary celibacy fasting |
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Mahatma
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Great Soul
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Mahatma Gandhi (satyagraha)
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pacifist
assassinated 1947 liberation of India seeker of truth |
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Local practices/beliefs
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this is a do things together religion
rituals and practices are really important |
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Kumbha Mela
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"beg pot"
12 years there is a pilgrimage |
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Rig Veda (1200 BCE w/long oral tradition)
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all hymns
oldest of the vedas |
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Sama Veda
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music used to sing the Rig Veda
started being done in homes, but was moved to the church and performed by Brahmins |
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Yajur Veda
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mystical meaning of sacrifices
no longer just a simple offering, meaning was held by priests and no longer with the household. |
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Atharva Veda
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magic book; love spells
gives the everyday worshiper a voice eventually priests take this away from household, and these must be done by Brahmin |
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Kumba Mela Ceremony/Celebration
* in 2004 there was a super Kumbha Mela with 70 MILLION attendees |
Asuras (demons) stole the Soma drink of the gods. They sent Indra to recover the Soma, and he is chased for 12 days (12 years human time). Revelers bathe in the holy rivers to wash away sins.
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Indus Valley Civilization / Aryans
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2500BCE -1500BCE
around 1500BCE civilization began to decline, they lost ability to read and write Invaded by Aryan (Iran) They settled and co-mingled |
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Aryan
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Noble Ones
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Fire Sacrifice
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Central to the Vedas
this sacrifice creates SOMA the drink of the gods |
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Vedas
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Holy Work
like the Old Testament |
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Indra
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King of Gods
Sky God |
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Agni
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Fire God
Twin of Indra |
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Soma (God)
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Moon God
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Soma
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Drink of Immortality of the Gods
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Vedas
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1200 BCE
Mostly Polytheistic, mainly mention 33 gods but there is emphasis on main 3 |
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Trip to Heaven
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reincarnation
7 Heavens and 7 Hells **there is no set time frame for reincarnation |
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Evolution of Vedas
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Rig Veda
Sama Veda Yajur Veda |
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3 ideas introduced in Upanishads
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Karma and Reincarnation
Brahman Yoga |
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Upanishads
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(monisitic) (800-500BCE)
18 major books |
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3 things all people want
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Kama-sex
Artha-power/money Dharma-respect/religion/truth |
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Samsara
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cycle of suffering and death
all life is tragic |
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Upanishadic philosophy
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(sacrifice internalized, monism, sacred sound=mantra: OM)
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Tat tvam asi
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= “that though art”=key philosophical idea of Upanishads
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AUM
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(creation, preservation, destruction)
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Parusha
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everyone is part of the Divine
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Laws of Manu
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Manu is Hindu "Adam"
these are the laws that the gods gave to man |
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Baguvad Gita
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abt 2nd century BCE
"song of the lord/song of God" |
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Mahabharita
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"Great story of the Bharita clan"
collection of stories, epic tales Arjuna story |
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Arjuna
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7th Avatar of Vishnu
kingdom is stolen by cousin and he appeals to gods for guidance because he doubts fighting. Krishna, his Charioteer, answers that the fight would be a just fight. |
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Members of Trinity
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Brahma
Shiva Vishnu |
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Brahma
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Creator God
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Shiva-general
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Destroyer God
2nd most worshiped God |
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Vishnu
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Preserver God
2nd most worshiped god |
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10 Avatars of Vishnu
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8th Krishna (Arjuna story)
9th Buddha- Buddhists don't believe Buddha is an avatar 10th not come yet- world ends when he gets here |
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Avatar (purposes)
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kill demons
reveal great truth |
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Themes
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duty
neo-monotheist bhakti yoga love |
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Karma Yoga
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discipline and controlling karma
to be completely self-LESS |
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neo-monotheist
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god becomes personal
attempt to reconcile all gods into one God speaks TO the people |
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Bhakti-yoga
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devotion to Gods
worship of a real, supreme being |
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Theme of Love
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If you follow the themes, God will love you
only through single minded devotion will you get immortality |
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3 great collections of mythology
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Mahabharita- 800 times the size of the iliad or odyssey
Ramayana Purana- "legends" |
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Rama
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Avatar
Oldest son of a King whose wife asks him to exile Rama so her son can be King. King agrees. He leaves with his wife Sita is kidnapped by demon RAVANA and Rama gets help from HANUMAN a god. Eventually his brother returns the throne. |
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Sita
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Wife of Rama
daughter of earth goddess |
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Hanuman
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God friend of Rama, helps rescue Sita
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Avatar of Vishnu
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Rama
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Avatar of Laksmi
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Sita
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Dharma Shastras
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Laws of Manu
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Story of Manu
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Father was Brahma who was alone in the beginning so he made 2 children KAMA a son and SARASWATI a daughter. Kama made Brahma fall in love with Saraswati and they had Manu.
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Kama
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Sex
Son of Brahma CURSED by Brahma to die by the fire of Shiva. |
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Saraswati
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education
Daughter of Brahma Mother of Manu |
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4 things everyone wants
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Kama-sex
Artha-power Dharma-respect/truth Moksha-liberation/freedom |
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Brahmin
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priests
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Kshatriya
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warrior (rama, Krishna)
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Vaishya
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artisans, skilled workers
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Shudras
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unskilled workers
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dalits
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untouchables
Gandhi called them "God's people" |
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What are the Castes
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Brahmin
Kshatriya Vaishya Shudras *dalits |
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4 stages of life
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student
householder retiree "sanyasan" forest dweller |
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Puranas
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texts re mythology
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Kalki
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10th Avatar of Vishnu
not come yet he will lead the destruction of universe |
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Maha Devi
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Goddess
3rd most worshiped god has many forms: Kali, Lakshmi, Parvati |
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Shiva
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most worshiped God
Destroyer God married twice-Sati then Parvati |
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Sati
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first wife of Shiva
commits suicide |
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Parvati
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reincarnation of Sati
has a family with Shiva 2 sons Skanda and Ganesha |
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Skanda
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born when Parvati cursed all the goddesses and made them barren
cooled on the shore of ganges river by ganges the goddess "I am the Child of EVERYONE" |
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Ganesha
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elephant headed
was beheaded by father(Shiva) made from dirt from Parvati's body |
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Karma Yoga
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discipline of action
selfless duty |
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Shiva's blessing
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those who worship me in my earthly form will be taken by me to heaven and made immortal
worship the LINGAM and YONI male and female vessel. |
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Kali
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killer of demons
created from the skin Parvati shed |
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Durga
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warrior goddess
other gods give her their weapons to fight |
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5 Yogas
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1. Hatha- physical(stretching)discipline of the body, least spiritual
2. Jnana- knowledge *3. Bhakti- devotion A.Puja- offering B.Darshan- the blessing of being near to god through the image 4. Karma- no attached action/ egoless action 5. Raja(Highest Yoga)-meditation all the way to Moksha |
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COSMOLOGY/ESCHATOLOGY
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(end of the world)
-The Theory of the Big Bang 1. Creation Ex nihilo-creation from nothing 2. Fabrication- fake, something created “fabricated” 3. Emanation- non intentional, impersonal |
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Maya
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Delusions
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