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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Veda:
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Knowledge
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Indra:
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Water
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Vagus:
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Air
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Rig Veda:
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Earliest Veda text in India
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Upanishad:
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Last book of the Vedas
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How are discussions of environmental issues framed?
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Political, social, sense of crisis, human-centered, economic, technological, MORAL, SPIRITUAL
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We are... nature and.. humanity, seeing nature...
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Devaluing
Overvaluing Devoid of intrinsic value and to be used for human benefit |
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Ecology:
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Patterns of relations between organisms and the enviornment
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How does Hinduism imagine nature?
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Respect animals, since some are gods
Sacred geography Interconnected with nature |
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Temple architecture is related to...
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The surrounding landscape
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Hinduism sacrifice:
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Relationship of reprocity
Messenger to the gods |
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Vedic traditions:
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Connection with the elements, nature is dynamic/life-giving/moral purifier, deification, sacrifice, atman/brahman, written by the gods
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The self can't be destroyed, but...
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It can be divided without decreasing/devaluing it
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Artha:
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Gold/wealth
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Kama:
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Pleasure
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Dharma:
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Natural ORDER of things
DUTY to the world and yourself {ex: caste system - keep order n the entire universe} ETHICS/LAW |
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Atman:
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Divine
Eternal 'self' Contained in multiple bodies (different manifestations) |
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Monism:
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Sense of unity despite multiple expressions
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The divine can manifest themselves...
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In different ways
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Nirguna:
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The divine is not limited to a shape
Not characteristic All about potential (don't limit the gods with characteristics) |
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Saguna:
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Divine have characteristics
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Images are extremely important because...
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You and the god are seeing each other
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Avatar:
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One who comes down
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Anthromorohic:
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Divine in human form
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Aniconic:
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Divine in no form (not human)
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Ritual of consecration:
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Inviting god into an image and treat it as a guest (as if god is with you)
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Gods of Hinduism are similar to...
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Humans, they make mistakes, and have stories and relationships
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Puja:
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Worship god in his different forms
Relationship of offering (give and take) |
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Vishnu:
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10 different avatars
Includes the avatars of Buddha and Krishna Preserves the world Appears with female deity Lakshmi |
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Agni:
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Potential for creation and destruction
Primordial (pre-creation) Dynamic force Source of life Inside everything Digestion Fire Transforms Purification (ex: cremation) |
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Humans are required by... because...
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The gods
They feed the gods |
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Samsara:
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Cycle of life and death
Human, hellbeing, animal, and god |
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Moksha:
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Liberation
Usually enlightenment (shed desire & become one with brahma) |
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Rta:
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Order of the cosmos
Power/natural justice and harmony that pervades the natural world |
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Caste system:
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Bahramin
Warrior Merchant Untouchables |
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Hindus see themselves as part of a bigger...
They believe things must... |
Cycle of life.
Be destroyed in order to build. |
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Krishna:
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Vishnu
Sexy marshal figure (encourages devotion to the gods) Creator, destroys obstacles to knowledge Supreme self (Brahman), supreme male human All elements, compared to the sun, controls the sky Compared to monsoon (needed but can be destructive) |
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Lakshmi:
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Appears with Krishna, but can be alone, Krishna's consort
Born of a lotus, self-arisin Pure, natural, mother of all beings Prosperity, fortune |
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Lotus represents:
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Fertility
Beauty Purity (even though it grows in the mud) |
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Lingam:
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Aniconic representation of Siva, by a curse
Column of fire that never ends |
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Siva:
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Puja mostly to lingam, but also to image
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Hinduism emphasizes..., even for gods
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Humility
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Shivalingam:
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Linga - male energy (reproductive organ)
Yoni - female energy (reproductive organ) |
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Linga and yoni need to...
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Work together
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Shaligramshiva:
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Fossil
Abstract form of Vishnu Pure form Devotion (to Lakshmi) |
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Forms of Vishnu:
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Krishna
Shaligram shila |
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Tulsa plant:
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Manifestation of Lakshmi (from a curse)
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Puga:
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To be seen by god as he sees you
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Metemsomatosis:
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Passage from one body to another
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Hinduism believes in different... existing at the same time as ours
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Dimensions and universes
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With the right understanding, our minds are...
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Unlimited
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Humans' problem of ignorance:
Because of: |
Think we are different, but actually part of the divine (like everything else)
Maya |
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Maya:
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Illusion
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People make environmental decisions because they think...
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They're different and have control over the environment, even though the environment is in them
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Because you are... to the rest of the universe, your individual action has... ramifications and could cause...
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Connected
Universal Chaos in the entire universe |
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King Ashoka:
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Issued laws for animal protection - about moderation in killing
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Murti:
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Manifestations that allow access to the god
Physical form/image of the divine |
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Shakti:
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Female energy (phenomenon/deity)
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Sarasvati:
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River goddess descended from heaven
Holds a book Purification/fertility/power --> learning/culture/music Debate about the rivers original location Bhrama's female half/daughter/wife First river to be worshiped as a goddess |
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Bhrama:
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Creator god
Born from a lotus out of Vishnu's navel |
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Matrikas:
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"little mothers," referred to as a group
Inauspicious, dangerous, jealous, affliction and protection Steal/torment children age 0 - 16 Karma of women who died childless Found in trees, crossroads, dark, caves No male association Born from undiscipline, and chaos |
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Through affliction, you are...
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Chosen as a devotee by the divine
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The divine will... you, to see if you are worthy
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Test
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Prthvithi:
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The earth
Offended by immoral acts Dependable and nourishing Manifestation of Bhrama |
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Bharama:
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India
Nourishment and protection Used when fighting for independence from Britain |
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Sati:
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Committed suicide, body was dismembered and fell in different places
Descended from heaven |
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Mahadevi:
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Ever-present
Creates the universe Her body is the universe (trees = hair, etc) |
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Saktapitha:
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Sati committed suicide by burning to death
Shiva (husband) carried her body about, moaning --> universe in chaos Vishnu preformed yoga to dismember parts of Sati's body, (fell to earth) Places where her body landed are sacred places |
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Geographical areas have... and thus are important
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Power
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Hinduism focuses on one's...
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Body
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Ganga:
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Goddesses of Ganges river
Power/liberation form poverty/samsara Mediator between humans and the divine Purification Nurturing mother Source of life (like Agni) |
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Creation stories of Ganga:
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Melted Vishnu created from Brahma's pot
All water gone --> Bhrama decides to bring Ganga --> Shiva slows Ganga with his hair |
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Different beings need... and need atman manifested...
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Different things
Different ways |
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Vishnu (in art):
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Rides on snake
Holds conch shell and/or lotus |
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Chipko Movement (background):
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Colonialization
Forest categories: village, wasteland, reserved Reserved is under Forest Service, which they sell Indian government continues the categories Villagers bribed for their trees Monsoons/roads in deforested areas create landslides & floods Chipko = 'embracing' |
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Chipko Movement (Bhatt):
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Embracing trees to resist commercial organizations
Elimination of poverty Management of forests by locals Better utilization of resources |
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Chipko Movement (Bahuguna):
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Both economic and social reasons
Gandhi follower Ecological rehibilitation > economic |
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Chipko Movement (Tree Hugger Movement):
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Caused by a blurring of division between forest categories
All men removed from the village, so they can't protest Women led protests |
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Chipko Movement (Amrita Devi):
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Died to try to protect the trees in her village
Her three daughters also died Along with 363 other people Religious Bishnu - not allowed to cut green wood |
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Chipko Movement (Feminism):
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Women went against their husband's decision
Women preserve and cultivate the land (and stay home), while the men innovate and go out Dual role of preserver and innovator |
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Chipko Movement (Gaura Devi):
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Inspired by Amrita Devi
Feminist |
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Gramadevata:
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Local deity
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Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP):
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Hindu Right political party with environmental perspective
Critique environmental movements Creates a sense of national unity Hinduism in an inclusive sense |
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Hinduism can include... but not...
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Jainism and Buddhism
Christianity, Islam or Judaism |
