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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 6 regions of the hindlimb?
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1. Thigh
2. Leg/Crus 3. Hock 4. Metatasus 5. Fetlock 6. Digit |
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How many joints are there in the hindlimb and what are they?
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6 joints.
1. Hip 2. Stifle 3. Hock 4. Fetlock 5. Pastern 6. Coffin |
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What are the articulations of the Stifle joint?
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1. Femoro-patellar
2. Femoro-tibial |
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What are the communications of the Stifle joint and percentages?
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Femoro-patellar with the medial femoro-tibial pouch with 90% of horses.
Femoro-patellar and lateral femoro-tibial is in 25% of horses. |
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What are the 4 joints of the Hock joint?
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1. Tibiatarsal
2. Proximal intertarsal 3. Distal intertarsal 4. Tarsometatarsal |
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Which Hock joints communicate?
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Tibiatarsal and Proximal
Distal and Tarsometatarsal |
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What muscles are used for IM injections?
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Semimembraneous and Semitendenous
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Where does the Middle Gluteal muscle insert and what is the importance?
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On the greater trochanter of the femur and this can cause trochanteric bursitis.
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What happens in trochanteric brusitis?
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Lameness
Watery fluid instead of heavy/thick Blood Cells, inflammatory cells, and microorganisms can be present. |
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What are the signs of Sciatic nerve damage?
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1. Atrophy of the thigh muscles is chronic
2. Asymmetry of the unaffected side 3. Toe-touch paralysis 4. Lameness |
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What are signs of Femoral nerve damage?
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1. Hip dropping
2. Over-flexion of the stifle and hock |
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What are the ligaments that support the hip joint and prevent subluxation?
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1. Transverse ligament of the acetabulum (closes the cup)
2. Ligament of the head of the femur 3. Accessory ligament |
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What are the landmarks for injection of the Femoropatellar joint?
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On either side of the middle patellar ligament.
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What is the landmark for injection of the lateral femortibial joint?
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Directly behind the lateral patellar ligament
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What are the ligaments in the stifle joint?
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1. Medial Patellar Ligament
2. Middle Patellar Ligament 3. Lateral Patellar Ligament 4. Medial collateral ligament 5. Latareal collateral ligament 6. Medial femorotibial ligament 7. Lateral femorotibial ligament 8. Caudal Cruciate Ligament 9. Cranial Cruciate Ligament 10. Meniscus |
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What is the patella locking mechanism and what is it part of?
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It is when the patella locks on the resting part of the femur to allow the horse to stand with minimal energy usage and muscle usage.
It is part of the passive stay apparatus. |
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What is upward fixation of the patella and what is the treatment?
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It is when the patella is fixed on the trochlea and the horse is unable to flex the leg.
Tx= Severing the medial patellar ligament |
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What are the landmarks for femoropatellar joint arthroscopy?
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Between the middle and lateral patellar ligaments, halfway between the tibial crest and the dorsal aspect of the patella.
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What are the two rules for arthroscopy?
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1. Extend the joint to find the landmarks, then flex to do surgery.
2. If joint isn't used in surgery, make sure you continually flex the leg to prevent femoral nerve damage. |
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What are the three techniques for the medial approach to enter the femorotibial joint?
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1. Cranial
2. Lateral 3. Craniolateral |
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Landmark for the cranial approach to enter the medial femorotibial joint
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Between Middle and Medial Patellar Ligaments.
2cm proximal to tibial crest |
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Landmark for the lateral approach to enter the medial femorotibial joint
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Caudal to Lateral Patellar ligament
Cranial to Long Digital Extensor 2 cm proximal to tibial spine |
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What is the reciprocal apparatus?
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A connection between the stifle joint and the hock joint to create synchronized movements. It is part of the passive stay apparatus.
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What happens when the Peroneus Tertius is ruptured?
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The Stifle is flexed and the Hock is extended
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When do you perform a cunean tenectomy?
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Cunean bursitis
Hock infections |
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What is Sting Halt and what is a treatment?
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Voluntary overflexion of the hock joint.
TX= cutting the tendon of the lateral digital extensor at the musculocutaneous junction and just before it meets with the long digital extensor |
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What is bone spavin?
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Accumulation of bone on the 1, 2, 3rd tarsal bones and the central tarsal bone (seat of Spavin).
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What is thoroughpin?
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Infection of the tarsal sheath of the DDE
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How is Curb formed?
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Excessive pulling of the Long Plantar Ligament makes it thicker and that causes it to push against the SDF making it have a curbed (curved) look.
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What is Capped Hock?
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Infection of the subcutaneous bursa
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What does the proximal retinaculum hold?
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1. Tendon of the Long Digital Extensor
2. Tendon of the Tibialis Cranialis 3. Perioneus Tertius |
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What does the middle retinacula hold?
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1. Calcaneus to the Long Dig. Ext.
2. Lateral tendon of Peroneus Tertius |
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What does the distal retinaculum hold?
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1. Tendon of the Long Digital Extensor
2. Tendon of the Lateral Dig. Ext. |
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What does the lateral retinaculum hold?
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1. Lateral collateral ligament
2. Lateral Digital Extensor |
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What does the flexor retinaculum hold?
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1. Medial collateral ligament
2. Deep Digital Flexor |
