Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Home Rule
|
local self-government
|
|
|
Coalition
|
alliances of various parties
|
|
|
Rotten Boroughs
|
population shifts that caused few or no votes
|
|
|
Chartism
|
petition that demanded universal male suffrage, a secret ballot, annual parliamentary elections, and salaries for Parliament members
|
|
|
Victoria
|
queen with longest reign in British history
|
|
|
Benjamin Disareli
|
forged the old Tory party into the modern Conservative party
|
|
|
William Gladstone
|
led the Whigs, a liberal party
|
|
|
Corn Laws
|
imposed high tariffs on imported grains
|
|
|
Fabian Society
|
social organization that promoted gradual change through legal means instead of violence
|
|
|
Emmeline Pankhurst
|
leading suffragist convinced that only aggressive tactics would bring victory
|
|
|
Catholic Emancipation Act
|
allows Irish Catholics to vote and hold political office
|
|
|
Great Hunger
|
terrible famine
|
|
|
Charles Stewart Parnell
|
rallied Irish members of Parliament to press for home rule
|
|
|
Paris Commune
|
goal was to save Republic from royalist control
|
|
|
Georges Boulanger
|
rallied royalists and ultranationalists eager for revenge on Germany
|
|
|
Alfred Dreyfus
|
Jew who was convicted of spying, exiled, and later reinstated
|
|
|
Theodor Herzl
|
Hungarian Jewish journalist living in France
|
|
|
Jeanne-Elizabeth Schmahl
|
founded the French Union for women's suffrage
|
|
|
Zionism
|
movement devoted to rebuilding a Jewish state in Palestine
|
|
|
Reform Bill of 1832
|
gave representation to large town and dominated rotten boroughs; gave greater political voice to men in middle class
|
|
|
3 reforms that were imposed that helped workers:
|
reforms to improve public health and housing for workers, higer wages, shorter hour,no child labor
|
|
|
3 social reforms:
|
free elementary school education, jobs given based on skill not name, laws of insurance
|
|
|
Where did Zionism start?
|
Switzerland
|
|
|
How did France separate church and the state?
|
monasteries, convents, church schools were closed, stopped paying salaries for clergy
|
|
|
Anti-semitism
|
being intolerant for outsiders and violent hatred towards Jews
|
|
|
Boulanger Scandal
|
Boulanger was accused of plotting to overthrow the Republic. He fled, later committing suicide.
|
|
|
What was the difference between the French Government and the British Government?
|
French government had many parties, Britain only had two main ones
|
|
|
Communards
|
rebelled, set up Paris commune, wanted to save Republic from royalist control
|
|
|
What were problems in Ireland?
|
Harsh tax laws, no home rule, religious problems
|
|
|
Anarchist
|
person who wants to abolish all government
|
|
|
Zemstvo
|
elected assemblies who were made responsible for road repairs, agriculture, and schools
|
|
|
Pogrom
|
gangs that persecuted Jews by killing and looting them
|
|
|
Refugee
|
people who flee their homeland to seek safety elsewhere
|
|
|
Zollervein
|
economic union among the German states led by Prussia
|
|
|
Realpolitik
|
real politics, based on thorough-minded evaluation of the needs of the state
|
|
|
Schleswig and Holstein
|
two provinces within Denmark that an allied Austria and Prussia conquered and liberated
|
|
|
Austro-Prussian War
|
seven week war with Austria which ended in a decisive Prussian victory and added territory to Prussia
|
|
|
William I
|
first Kaiser of the Second Reich
|
|
|
Second Reich
|
German empire formed by Otto von Bismarck
|
|
|
Kulturkampf
|
battle for civilization, struggle between Catholic Church and Bismarck's government for the loyalty of the German people
|
|
|
Zemstvo
|
elected assemblies who were made responsible for road repairs, agriculture, and schools
|
|
|
Pogrom
|
gangs that persecuted Jews by killing and looting them
|
|
|
Refugee
|
people who flee their homeland to seek safety elsewhere
|
|
|
Zollervein
|
economic union among the German states led by Prussia
|
|
|
Realpolitik
|
real politics, based on thorough-minded evaluation of the needs of the state
|
|
|
Schleswig and Holstein
|
two provinces within Denmark that an allied Austria and Prussia conquered and liberated
|
|
|
Austro-Prussian War
|
seven week war with Austria which ended in a decisive Prussian victory and added territory to Prussia
|
|
|
William I
|
first Kaiser of the Second Reich
|
|
|
Second Reich
|
German empire formed by Otto von Bismarck
|
|
|
Kulturkampf
|
battle for civilization, struggle between Catholic Church and Bismarck's government for the loyalty of the German people
|
|
|
Giuseppe Mazzini
|
nationalist that founded secret society called "Young Italy"
|
|
|
Risorgimento
|
Italian nationalist movement led by King Victor Emmanuel II
|
|
|
Victor Emmanuel II
|
constitutional monarch of Kingdom of Sicily who hoped to unite Italy
|
|
|
Camillo Cavour
|
prime minister appointed by Victor Emmanuel who used the philosophy of realpolitik to unite Italy
|
|
|
Giusseppe Garibaldi
|
long life nationalist who was an ally of Mazzini and united the Kingdom of Two Sicilies and other southern Italian provinces
|
|
|
Francis Joseph
|
eighteen year old who inherited the throne to Hapsburg empire, Emperor of the Dual Monarchy of Austria - Hungary
|
|
|
Decembrist Revolt
|
revolt of Russian military officers who wanted liberal reforms in Russia, put down violently
|
|
|
Crimean War
|
war in which Russia invaded the Ottoman Island of Danube which they were repelled by the Britain and other European powers
|
|
|
Alexander II
|
eventually issued a royal decree to free serfs
|
|
|
People's Will
|
terrorist group who assassinated government officials and plotted to kill the Czar
|
|
|
Russification
|
the glorification and empowerment of ethnic "Russian" culture over other ethnic minorities in the Russian Empire
|
|
|
Serge Witte
|
appointed the Czar's financial minister whose main goal was to bring economic reforms to Russia
|
|
|
Bloody Sunday
|
Russia soldiers, under orders from Czar, opened fire on a religious demonstration
|
|
|
October Manifesto
|
new social reforms instituted by Czar Nicolas II who gave the people more rights, but almost immeditely revoked them
|
|
|
Peter Stolypin
|
appointed prime minister, used strategic arrests, pogroms and executions to restore order
|
|
|
How did Prussia take lead in unification of Germany?
|
introduced economic reforms on tariff barriers so that German states paid no tax when trading with one another
|
|
|
What were three wars that Prussia fought to unify Germany?
|
Schelswig and Holstein, Austro-Prussian War, and Franco-Prussian War
|
|
|
Who fought in the war of Schelswig and Holstein?
|
Prussia vs. Denmark
|
|
|
Who fought in Austro-Prussian War?
|
Prussia vs. Austria
|
|
|
What lands did Prussia gain in Austro-Prussian War?
|
many Northern German states
|
|
|
Who fought in Franco-Prussian war?
|
Prussia vs. France
|
|
|
What lands did Prussia gain from the Franco-Prussian War?
|
much of present-day Southern Germany
|
|
|
What kind of government was the German Empire?
|
constitutional monarchy
|
|
|
Why did Germany's economy grow so quickly?
|
large supply of coal ad irom, capable of building weaponry and railroads
|
|
|
Why was Bismarck so against Church influence in the lives of the Germans?
|
He wanted a large population of Catholics to be more loyal to state than church
|
|
|
What obstacles to unify did Italy face?
|
divided by regional governments
|
|
|
Why did Mazzini feel that Italy was to be unified?
|
cultural, religious, geographic, and language similarities
|
|
|
How was Garibaldi a threat to Cavour?
|
Cavour feared he would establish a Southern Italian Kingdom
|
|
|
Why was there political turmoil in the newly united Italy?
|
complicated constitutional monarch
|
|
|
Why was Russia considered to be a "backwards country"?
|
its economy wasn't strong and successful lke those of their European neighbors and still had feudal serfdom
|
|
|
What were the three ideals that Czar Nicholas believed in?
|
orthodoxy, autocracy, nationalism
|
|
|
Orthodoxy
|
strong ties between church and government
|
|
|
Autocracy
|
absolute power of the state
|
|
|
Nationalism
|
respect for Russian traditions and suppression of non-Russian groups within the empire
|
|
|
How did Czars crack down on liberal ideas of the people?
|
censored newspapers and writing, arrested people and sent them to Siberia
|
|
|
What reform did Alexander II institute in Russia?
|
Eased censorship, tried to reform military by reducing length of term by 10 years
|
|
|
What steps did Russia take to industrialize in late 1800's?
|
encouraged railroad building to improve trade
|
|
|
What was the cause of the Revolution of 1905?
|
Bloody Sunday
|
