Higher Cortical Function: Association And Executive Processing

Front 1

what are association areas

Back 1

higher order integrative cortical areas that intervene bw the sensory inputs and motor inputs

Front 2

what are the 3 multimodal association areas

Back 2

posterior, limbic and anterior

Front 3

where is the post association area located?

Back 3

junction of occipital, temporal and parietal lobes

Front 4

what does the post association area do? and what is it important for?

Back 4

link info from primary and unimodal sensory areas
imp for perception and language

Front 5

where is the limibic association area

Back 5

ant-ventral portion of temp lobe, the parahippocampal gyrus

Front 6

what does the limbic ass area do and what is it imp for?

Back 6

links emotion with inputs from prim sensory and unimodal sensory areas
imp in associative learning and memory

Front 7

where is ant association area?

Back 7

located in prefrontal cortex

Front 8

what does the ant association are do? what is it imp for?

Back 8

links info from other association areas
imp in memory, planning, higher order concept formation

Front 9

what are the 3 unimodal association areas

Back 9

auditory, visual and somatosensory unimodal association cortices

Front 10

what is the pathway that sensory info is passed in the assoc cortices?

Back 10

receptors along parallel pathways -->primary sensory cortices-->unimodal assoc cortices-->post multimodal assoc cortex of each hemisphere (post parietal and temp cortices)

Front 11

where does the actual processing of motor response output occur?

Back 11

premotor cortex and then to premotor cortex

Front 12

def: prospagnosia

Back 12

the inability to recognize familiar faces or the inability to learn new faces, leaving other aspects of visual recognition intact

Front 13

where is the lesion in a prospagnosiatic patient?

Back 13

post association areas (bilateral) including portions of the visual unimodal assoc area; always bilateral on the inf surface of both occipital lobes and extending forward to inner surface of temp lobes

Front 14

what are the symptoms with a person with prospagnosia

Back 14

can identify a face and emotional expressions, but can't identify the face as being a particular person

Front 15

def: associative agnosia

Back 15

patients can draw and percieve objects, but can't name them

Front 16

where is the lesion in a person with assoc agnosia?

Back 16

post multimodal association cortex

Front 17

def: apperceptive agnosia

Back 17

patients unable to draw objects, but can still name them

Front 18

where is the damage in a person with apperceptive agnosia?

Back 18

occipital lobes and surrounding region

Front 19

which hemisphere results in global object perception damage? local?

Back 19

global: right
local: left

Front 20

where does the post association area recieve inputs from?

Back 20

visual and auditory systems, hippocampus

Front 21

def: contralateral neglect syndrome

Back 21

patients ignore things on one side of their body (contralateral to the lesion); results from inability to perceive objects despite normally functioning sensory systems;

Front 22

where is the damage in contralateral neglect syndrome

Back 22

post parietal visual cortex (right or left)

Front 23

def: Balint's syndrome

Back 23

bilateral parietal damage where patients only see one object at a time, they get lost, loose their ability to grasp items, and generally can't do anything without assistance

Front 24

where does the limbic association area recieve info from?

Back 24

every other assoc area - can relate asll stimuli of an event including its emotional context

Front 25

what pathway transfers emotion association with objects and events to prefrontal cortex

Back 25

ventral stream (including ventral amygdalofugal pathway

Front 26

what encompasses the ant association area?

Back 26

sylvian fissure, referred to as the prefrontal cortex

Front 27

what happens if you have a prefrontal cortex lobotomy?

Back 27

lack of ability to remember and relate things over time; attention span and ability to concentrate are greatly diminished; abstract reasoning largely disappears

Front 28

where does the prefrontal cortex receive input?

Back 28

sensory association cortices, DM of thalamus

Front 29

what are the 3 areas of the prefrontal cortex?

Back 29

dorsal superior prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and ventral-orbitofrontal cortex

Front 30

the dorsolateral prefrontal are is associated with what?

Back 30

attentional processing, planning, rule learning and memory

Front 31

what neurons are involved in the WHERE of an object is located?

Back 31

neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal area and in the principal sulcus

Front 32

where do the where neurons of the dorsolateral prefrontal area receive input?

Back 32

post parietal cortex

Front 33

what neurons convey info about WHAT an object is?

Back 33

neurons ventral to the principal sulcus

Front 34

what areas of the prefrontal cortex provide the emotional component toe planned behavior and memory? where do they project?

Back 34

orbitofrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex have direct connections to amygdala and cingulate cortex of limbic system

Front 35

what is the NT of the prefrontal region?

Back 35

dopamine

Front 36

in what cortex do you see problems with in schizophrenics

Back 36

the prefrontal cortex shows disturbances of the dopaminergic system; schizos show hypofunction of the prefrontal cortical region

Front 37

what is the right hemisphere dominant for?

Back 37

music, face recognition, skills involving spatial relationships

Front 38

what is the left hemisphere dominant for?

Back 38

math and language

Front 39

in bilateral parietal damage what are the symptoms?

Back 39

instead of ignoring both sides of the body (as in contralateral neglect syndrome), they see things one at a time and therefore bump into stuff a lot