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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phagocytosis
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Process where large solid particles are engulfed by invagination of the cell membrane.
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Pinocytosis
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Process where small liquid particles are engulfed into intracellular vesicles.
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Endocytosis
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Process where material is taken in or absorbered by a cell via infolding of the cell membrane
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Exocytosis
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Process where intracellular vesicles fuse with the cell membrane to release prodcuts such as enzymes or hormones.
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Active Transport
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Movement of molecules or ions against/up the concentration gradient. Requires energy in the form of ATP, therefore it is an active process. Uses membrane proteins.
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Selective Ion Uptake
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Ions are moved across the cell membrane by active transport, requiring energy. Different ions are accumulated to different levels, the ratio of ions will be different.
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Hypertonic
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Name given to a solution that is lower in water concentration than one that it is compared with. Generally high in solute (sugar/salt).
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Hypotonic
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Name given to a solution that is higher in water concentration than one that it is compared with. Distilled water is hypotonic to all other solutions.
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Isotonic
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Name given to solutions of equal water and solute concentration.
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Selectively Permeable
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Name for a barrier/membrane that allows some molecules through while blocking the passage of others. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.
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Freely Permeable
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Name for a barrier that allows the free passage of molecules. The cell wall is freely permeable.
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Turgid
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Describes a cell that has been placed in a hypotonic solution. In plant cells the cell wall prevents bursting and the vacuole expands.
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Flaccid
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Describes a piece of tissue that has been placed in a hypertonic solution. The tissue will decrease in mass, length and diameter.
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Plasmolysed
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Describes a cell that has been placed in a hypertonic solution. Water has moved out by osmosis and the cell shrinks. In a plant cell the cytoplasm will pull away from the membrane and the vacuole will shrink.
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Concentration Gradient
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Describes the difference in concentration between two places. Water moves down a concentration gradient by osmosis. Ions move up a concentration gradient by active transport.
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Diffusion
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The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
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Osmosis
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The movement of water from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
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Cell Sap
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Liquid found inside cells. An isotonic solution would have the same concentration as this. There would be no change in mass in an isotonic solution.
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