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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ureters in the pelvis run lateral to? Medial to?
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lateral to internal iliac vessels
medial to gonadal vessels |
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ureters cross over what vessels? Under what vessels?
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ureters cross UNDER gonadal artery & vein midway between kidney & pelvic inlet
ureters pass OVER external iliacs to gain access to pelvis |
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as ureters leave kidneys what structure do they run along?
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initially on top of psoas mm
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MC mm injured in rotator cuff? Maneuver to test?
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supraspinatous, vulnerable to injury by impingement between acroion & head of humerus
responsible for first 15 degrees of abduction empty can supraspinatus test - abduction to 90 degrees and flex them to 30 degrees, thumb pointing at floor - downward pressure elicits pain & unilateral weakness |
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mm of the rotator cuff?
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SITS
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis |
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what motions does the obturator nerve innervate?
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adducter compartment of the thigh
(after dividing into anterior & posterior branches) anterior branch - gracilis, pectineus, adductors longus & brevis posterior branch - obturator externus & adductor magnus |
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what nerve innervates abduction of the thigh?
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superior gluteal nerve - tensor fascia lata
femoral nerve - sartorious |
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what nerve innervates flexion of the thigh?
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lumbar plexus - psoas
femoral nerve - iliacus superior gluteal nerve - tensor fascia lata |
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what nerve innervates extension of the thigh?
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inferior gluteal nerve - gluteus maximus mm
(exits via greater sciatic foramen below piriformis) |
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what nerve innervates extension of the leg?
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femoral nerve - quadriceps femoris mm
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what is the funciton of the posterior limb of the internal capsule?
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corticospinal motor
somatic sensory fibers visual & auditory fibers the genu "knee" carries corticobulbar fibers anterior limb carries thalamocortical fibers |
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where is the ulnar nn classically damaged? What deformity results?
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near medial epicondyle of humerous, or
Guyon's canal, near the hook of the hamate and pisiform bone in the wrist results in "claw hand" deformity |
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what does fx of the surgical neck of the humerus clasically damage?
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axillary nn
paralysis of deltoid & teres minor mm loss of sensation of lateral upper arm |
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what does radial head subluxation classically damage?
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deep branch of the radial nn
weakness or paralysis of many of the mm of the extensor compartment of the forarm |
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layers of young bone, middle to external?
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diaphysis --> metaphysis --> epiphyseal cartilage --> eiphysis
epiphyseal cartilage = "growth plate" responsible for linear growth when epiphysis fuses w/metaphysis growth plate is closed & linear growth stops |
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what nn is at risk during ligation of thyroid artery?
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extenral branch of the superior laryngeal, innervates the cricothyroid mm
all other mm are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nn Vagus --> Superior Laryngeal nn and Recurrent laryngeal nn Superior Laryngeal nn --> --External branch --> cricothyroid mm --internal branch --> sensory innervation above vocal cords Recurrent laryngeal nn --> all laryngeal mm except cricothyroid, sensory innervation below vocal cords |
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course of the median nn from spinal roots to hand?
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C6 thru T1
emerges as distinct structure from combo of fibers of lateral & medial cords courses w/brachial artery in groove btwn biceps brachii and brachialis mm gains access to forearm in medial aspect of antecubital fossa courses between humeral & ulnar heads of pronator teres mm enters wrist & hand w/in flexor retinaculum |
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hernia inferior to inguinal ligament?
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femoral hernia
lateral to pubic tubercle & lacunar ligament medial to femoral vein more common in females, tend ot occur on right side prone to incarceration & strangulation direct & indirect hernias are superior to inguinal ligament direct hernias are medial to inferior epigastric vessels indirect hernias are lateral to inferior epigastric vessels |
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borders of Hesselbach's triangles?
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lateral - inferior epigastrics
medial - rectus abdominis mm sheath inferior - inguinal ligament these are the direct hernias indirect are on the lateral side of the epigastric vessels femoral are inferior to inguinal ligament (mc in female on rt) |
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old lady falls & hip hurts, most likely artery to be damaged?
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femoral neck fracture - can damage blood supply of femoral head & neck
MC w/displaced fx MEDIAL FEMORAL CIRCUMFLEX artery provides majority of blood supply to femoral head & neck injury can cause avascular necrosis also supplied by lateral fem circumflex, superior & inferior gluteal arteries |
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pt has weak wrist extension but sensation intact, what nn damaged? Where? Course from spine to terminal pt?
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Radial nn damaged via radial head subluxation, "nursemaid's elbow"
common injury in children - sudden outward pulling of extended & pronated arm radial head subluxation damages deep branch of radial nn - weakness of forearm extensors, wrist drop, doesn't contian sensory here radial nerve comes from posterior cord, innervates extensor compartment of upper arm enters forearm divides at lateral epidondyle of the humerus -superficial branch is purely sensory (radial half of dorsal hand) -deep branch innervates forearm extensors |
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ulceration of the posterior wall of the duodenal bulb puts what structure at risk?
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gastroduodenal artery
can be a life threatening hemorrhage |
