High Yield Anatomy Ch. 1

Front 1

The vertebral canal contains ____, _____, and ____.

Back 1

spinal cord
dorsal & ventral nerve roots
meninges

Front 2

kyphosis

Back 2

pathological forward spinal concavity (stooping)

Front 3

lordosis

Back 3

pathological backward (lumbar) spinal concavity

Front 4

nodding of the head occurs at the _____ joint, which is a ______ joint

Back 4

atlanto-occipital
synovial

Front 5

rotating the head laterally (around the long axis of the body) occurs at the _____ joint, which is a _____ joint

Back 5

atlanto-axial
synovial

Front 6

the alar ligaments connect ______ and ____

Back 6

dens of axis
lateral margins of foramen magnum
(Moore 508)

Front 7

the ______ membranes strengthen the atlanto-occipital joint

Back 7

anterior & posterior atlanto-occipital membranes

Front 8

the anterior atlanto-occiptal membrane is continuous with ______

Back 8

anterior longitudinal liagment (Moore 507)

Front 9

the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane is continuous with ______

Back 9

ligamentum flavum

Front 10

excessive movement of the dens can be caused by tearing _______

Back 10

transverse ligament of atlas, part of the cruciform ligament

Front 11

mobility of the dens is bad because it can cause damage to _____ (causing _____) and ____ (causing _____)

Back 11

spinal cord (quadriplegia)
medulla (respiratory paralysis, suffocation)

Front 12

the dens is held in place by: (5 structures)

Back 12

transverse ligament
alar ligaments
apical ligament
tectorial membrane

Front 13

the tectorial membrane is continuous with ______

Back 13

posterior longitudinal ligament

Front 14

widening of the atlanto-dental interval suggests a tear of _____

Back 14

transverse ligament

Front 15

C4 landmarks (2)

Back 15

hyoid bone
bifurcation of common carotid

Front 16

C5 landmarks (2)

Back 16

thyroid cartilage
carotid pulse

Front 17

C6 landmarks (3)

Back 17

cricoid cartilage
top of trachea
top of esophagus

Front 18

T2 landmarks (2)

Back 18

sternal notch
arch of aorta

Front 19

T4 landmarks (3)

Back 19

sternal angle
junction of superior & inferior mediastinum
bifurcation of trachea

Front 20

T5--T7 landmark (1)

Back 20

pulmonary hilum

Front 21

T8 landmark (1)

Back 21

inferior vena cava hiatus

Front 22

T9 landmark (1)

Back 22

xiphisternal joint

Front 23

T10 landmark (1)

Back 23

esophageal hiatus

Front 24

T12 landmark (1)

Back 24

aortic hiatus

Front 25

T12--L1 landmark (1)

Back 25

duodenum

Front 26

T12 landmarks (2)

Back 26

celiac artery
upper pole of LEFT kidney

Front 27

L1 landmarks (3)

Back 27

superior mesenteric artery
upper pole of RIGHT kidney
end of spinal cord in ADULT

Front 28

L2 landmark (1)

Back 28

renal artery

Front 29

L3 landmarks (3)

Back 29

end of spinal cord in NEWBORN
inferior mesenteric artery
umbilicus

Front 30

L4 landmarks (2)

Back 30

iliac crest
bifurcation of aorta

Front 31

S1 landmarks (2)

Back 31

sacral promotory
start of sigmoid colon

Front 32

S2 landmarks (1)

Back 32

end of dural sac, dura, arachnoid, etc., CSF

Front 33

S3 landmark (1)

Back 33

end of sigmoid colon

Front 34

Zygapophyseal joints are _____ joints located between ______

Back 34

synovial
inferior & superior articular processes

Front 35

Damage to zygapophyseal joints is bad because a ______ may be pinched

Back 35

spinal nerve

Front 36

Only in the ______ region can you have vertebral dislocation without fracture, because ______

Back 36

cervical
The articular surfaces are aligned HORIZONTALLY

Front 37

4 ligaments stabilizing the vertebral column

Back 37

anterior longitudinal
posterior longitudinal
ligamentum flavum
interspinous ligaments

Front 38

spina bifida occulta

Back 38

Absence of the vertebral arch (dorsal bony part over the spinal cord)

Front 39

hemivertibrae is ______, and can cause ____

Back 39

dysgenesis of vertebral body
scoliosis

Front 40

sickle cell anemia is associated with _____, in which depressions appear in ____

Back 40

fish mouth vertebra
vertebral body

Front 41

spondylolisthesis: definition & typical location

Back 41

horizontal movement of 2 vertebral bodies away from each other

Front 42

spondylolisthesis: typical locations

Back 42

lumbar region
congenital at L5-S1
degenerative (secondary to spondylolysis) at L4-5

Front 43

spondylolysis: definition

Back 43

fracture through pedicles, separating arch from body

Front 44

spondylolysis may be detected radiographically as _______ in a _____ view of _____

Back 44

collar on scottie dog
oblique
lumbar region

Front 45

spondylosis

Back 45

excessive calcification of vertebra, causing immobility (ankylosis)

Front 46

osteomyelitis is a ______ which can occur in _____

Back 46

bacterial infection
vertebral bodies

Front 47

herniation of the nucleus pulposus is usually towards ____; this can cause _____

Back 47

posterior & laterally
compression of a nerve root

Front 48

Herniation at C4-C5:
nerve root & dermatome affected,
dermatome location,
muscle & action affected,
nerve & reflex affected

Back 48

C5
shoulder, lateral surface of upper arm
deltoid
abduction of arm
axillary (& musculocutaneous) nerves
biceps jerk

Front 49

Herniation at C5-C6:
nerve root & dermatome affected,
dermatome location,
muscles (3) & action affected,
nerve & reflex affected

Back 49

C6
Thin strip over top of back, down side of shoulder & lateral arm to thumb
biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis
flexion & supination of forearm
musculocutaneous nerve
biceps jerk, brachioradialis jerk

Front 50

Herniation at C6-C7:
nerve root & dermatome affected,
dermatome location,
muscles & action affected,
nerve & reflex affected

Back 50

C7
Thin strip across top of back, posterior surface of upper limb, middle & index fingers
triceps, wrist extensors
extension of forearm & wrist
radial nerve
triceps jerk

Front 51

Herniation at L3-L4:
nerve root & dermatome affected,
dermatome location,
muscle & action affected,
nerve & reflex affected

Back 51

L4
medial surface of leg, big toe
quadriceps
extension of knee
femoral nerve -> knee jerk

Front 52

Herniation at L4-L5:
nerve root & dermatome affected,
dermatome location,
muscle & action affected,
nerve & reflex affected

Back 52

L5
lateral surface of leg, dorsum of foot
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus
dorsiflexion of ankle, extension of toes
common peroneal nerve
knee jerk

Front 53

Herniation at L5-S1:
nerve root & dermatome affected,
dermatome location,
muscle & action affected,
nerve & reflex affected

Back 53

S1
posterior surface of lower limb, little toe
gastrocnemius, soleus
plantarflexion of ankle, flexion of toes
tibial nerve
ankle jerk

Front 54

hyperflexion of the neck can cause a ____ fracture

Back 54

teardrop

Front 55

compression of the neck can cause a ____ fracture, in which ____ is broken at multiple locations

Back 55

Jefferson
C1

Front 56

hyperextension of the neck can cause a ____ fracture, in which ____ breaks at ____

Back 56

hangman
C2
pars interarticularis

Front 57

hyperflexion of the thoracolumbar spine can cause a ____ fracture, with ___ fracture of ____ and ____

Back 57

chance
transverse
vertebral body
spinous process