Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
This is the development anomaly of the PLACENTA that changes chorionic villi into a mass of clear vesicles
|
Hydatidiform mole
|
|
|
This presents as an edematous grapelike cluster that may be non malignant or may develop into choriocarcinoma
|
Hydratidiform mole
|
|
|
Loss of a fetus before it is viable <20 weeks, <500 grams
|
Abortion
|
|
|
Termination of pregnancy without action taken by the woman or another person
|
Spontaneous abortion or Miscarriage
|
|
|
Most losses in pregnancy occur during ___ weeks pregnancy?
|
the first 12
|
|
|
What is the maternal influence for "miscarriage/abortion"
|
12% <20 yrs old
26% >40 |
|
|
What is the paternal age of influence for "miscarriage/abortion"
|
12% <20 yrs
20% >40 |
|
|
What are are some causes of abortion/miscarriage?
|
Most common-Severe congenital abnormalities
Maternal infections-syphilis, toxoplasmosis, rubella Abnormalites of the reproductive organs |
|
|
What are signs and symptoms of a threatened abortion?
|
Vaginal bleeding or "spotting"
May have uterine cramping Persistent backache Pelvic Pressure CERVIX IS CLOSED |
|
|
What is the management for a threatened abortion?
|
Pelvic speculum exam
Ultrasound Labs: CBC, B-hCG (qualitative, quantitative blood type, & Rh Bedrest No sexual activity Peripad count |
|
|
Signs and Symptoms of Inevitable or Imminent Abortion
|
Heavy vaginal bleeding
Ruptured membranes Cervix is open Mild to severe cramping |
|
|
What is the management for an inevitable or imminent abortion?
|
Natural expulsion is common
Dilation and curettage (D& C)-if bleeding is excessive |
|
|
What is the management for inevitable or imminent abortion?
|
Natural expulsion
Dilation and curettage (D&C)-may be required if tissue remains or excessive bleeding |
|
|
What are the signs/symptoms of Incomplete Abortion?
|
Heavy vaginal bleeding
Cervix is open, fetal and placental tissue has been passed Not all products of conception are expelled (poc) |
|
|
What is the management of an Incomplete Abortion?
|
D&C
IV oxytocin (pitocin) or IM methylergonovine (Methergine) to contract uterus and control bleeding Large Bore IV Blood type and screen |
|
|
What are the Signs and Symptoms of complete abortion?
|
All products of conception are expelled
Cervix closes Vaginal bleeding and uterine contractions abate |
|
|
What is the management of a complete abortion?
|
No additional intervention necessary unless complications
Teach warning signs: bleeding, pain, fever No intercourse until follow-up visit with healthcare provider |
|
|
What are the signs and symptoms of missed abortion?
|
Fetus dies but is retained in the uterus
Early symptoms of pregnancy disappear |
|
|
What is the management of missed abortion?
|
D&C
Prostaglandin compounds |
|
|
What are some complications of missed abortion?
|
Infection
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) |
|
|
What are some causes of recurrent or habitual (>3) consecutive spontaneous abortions?
|
Genetic or chromosomal abnormalities
Abnormalities of woman's reproductive tract (bicornuate uterus or incompetent cervix) Infections |
|
|
What is the management of recurrent or habitual (>3) spontaneous abortions
|
Physical exam
Antibiotics or hormones Cerclage |
|
|
What is the rules for an elective or induced abortion?
|
Method is based on length of gestation
Medications (within 7 wks of LMP) Dialation and vacuum aspiration with curettage (12 weeks or less) Dilation and curettage (D&C) (second semester) |
|
|
What drugs is used to terminate a pregnancy?
|
Mifepristone (Mifeprex or RU 486) Day after pill
Misoprostol (Cytotec) |
|
|
How does Mifeprex or RU 486 terminate pregancy?
|
Mifepristone causes the placenta to separate from the endometrium. It also softens the cervix and increases uterine contractions to allow the uterine contents to pass.
|
|
|
How do you give Misoprostol (Cytotec)?
|
It is administered after Mifepristone or RU 486 is taken (within 48 hrs). Cytotec is administered orally or vaginally.
|
|
|
What is the purpose of Misoprostol (Cytotec)?
|
Misoprostol causes uterine contractions so that your body passes the uterine contents.
|
|
|
What is the process of Elective or Induced Abortion?
|
Dilation and vacuum aspiration with curettage (12 wks or less )
Cervix dilated after local anesthesia May require scraping with a curet to ensure complete removal Dilation and curettage (D&C) (second semester) |
|
|
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
|
Implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity
95% in the fallopian tube |
|
|
What are the risk factors that increase ectopic pregnancies?
|
History of STDs or PID
Previous ectopic pregnancy Failed tubal ligation Intrauterine devices IUD Multiple induced abortions Maternal age >35 years Cigarette smoking Vaginal douching |
|
|
What are some s/s of ectopic pregnancy?
|
Initially, normal signs of pregnancy are present (amenorrhea, breast tenderness, nausea, etc)
Vaginal spotting or light bleeding One-sided or diffuse lower abdominal or pelvic pain Vasomotor disturbances (fainting, dizziness) Shoulder or neck pain, worse on inspiration Hypovolemic shock Tachycardia (earliest sign) Decreased bp (late sign) Cool, clammy, pale skin Confusion or restlessness Rigid, tender abdomen |
