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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hoplite
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Greek Infantry soldier in archaic period.
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Phalanx
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Archaic Period.
Formation of greek soldiers. Important because nobody is better than the other. |
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Lelatine War
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Archaic War.
In Euboea where different Greek city states fought. |
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Penteconter
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Archaic Period.
50 ore boat, 25 guys, rammed ship into others. |
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Tyrannus
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Archaic Period
rises to power by killing rivals, break tradition for education + development of culture |
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Pheidon from Argos
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he overcame aristocracy with help of hoplite, interested in expanding, 669 beats Spartans, controlled most of Peloponnesus, established system of weights and measures
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Periander of Corinth
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he was more warlike and continued colonization, no taxing, 1 of the 7 wise men of Greece, suppressed people that were against him and prevented public meetings
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Symposium
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former drinking party. There were entertainers, and the poets provided intimate poems to the guests.
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Archilochos
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Archaic Period
Island on Aegean, first one to use the Iambic verse, his poems were vicious personal attacks |
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Semonides
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wrote poems on wives and he believes women are cursed
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Alcaeus
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his brothers were involved in overthrowing a leader, and he was involved in war with Athens. He dealt with my tyrants, and eventually was exiled.
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Theognis
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he came from megana. He passes on the values to young ones (while teaching sex)
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Agathoi
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connotation of nobility. Theognis favors agathoi in his poems.
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Kakoi
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connotation of lower class. He is biased towards kakoi
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Sappho
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Archaic Period.
woman poet. She is from island of Lesbos, hence lesbian. She believes males treat women as objects. However, she treats women as real people |
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Lacedaemonians
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synonym for Spartans.
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Spartiates
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full citizen of polis of Sparta. They were trained for military. Not every Spartans were Spartiants.
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Perioikoi
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free people living near Sparta (farmers, merchants). They are subject to Spartans, but they weren’t Spartiants
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Helots
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they were conquered subjects, so they weren’t free. They were considered enemies of the state, but also the property of Sparta
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Paidonomos
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teacher of the young Spartan boys. Got into relationships with young boys so they would fight better in wars.
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Krypteia
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period of hiding. The boy has to live alone out in the middle of nowhere in the country side and survive.
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Syssition
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dining clubs, at 20 yrs they tried to get elected to one of them, this was CRUCIAL, they ate together, and each provides something monthly, everyone shares
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Ephors
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5 magistrates elected annually by people to keep watch on king, can ask them about their actions and arrest them, discipline of state, judges, and ambassadors
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Gerousia
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body of 28 men over 60, elected for life by acclamation advisory body
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Acclamation
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electing by loudness of clapping, judges with turned backs rating loudness
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Assembly
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all the adult male citizens. They had the right to approve/reject rules.
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Lycurgus
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He was one of the sons of the king, but he was accused of wanting to kill off the baby, so he had to leave. He studied other forms of the government and came up with one of his own. He went back to Sparta, and reformed the government. Got rid of gold money, and made it to iron money. Luxuries and other goods were gone. He also divided land equally, and only allowed the best offspring. After the reforms, he went into exile and made sure law could not change
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1st Messenian War
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invade but are superstitious of oracle and retreat scared, but then return 13 yrs later and all become helots for 70 yrs
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2nd Messenian War
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oracle said that to win they need Athenian, and Athens sends them school teacher
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Cecrops
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first king of Athens divides it into 12 districts w/kings
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Theseus
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greatest king of Athens (Minotaur Prince) credit for reuniting the 12 districts
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Creon
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Oligarchic Period in Athens.
archons must change annually and there is 9 archons at one time with 1 chief archon, Creon is the first Chief Archon |
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Solon
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one of Greatest men in Athens, well respected politician + wise man since he had travelled through Greece + Asia, he is given unlimited power to solve problems since people trust him so much, makes reforms, everything better then leaves like Lycurgus, says he want everything the same when he comes back
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Miasma
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Solon's teachings. If you do anything wrong in the society, God will take revenge on you.
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Pisistratus
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o He tried to take over Athens and succeeded on his 3rd try. He was a decent ruler though. He enforced strict laws. When he was accused of murder, he actually went to the trial like everyone else (although the accuser disappeared). He built a public library and gardens
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Hippias + Hipparchus
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sons of Pisistratus, ruled like their father, people content until conspiracy Hippias becomes cruel + suspicious tyrant with high taxes
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Harmodious + Aristogiton
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want to slay Hippias at festival of Athena, Hippias finds out so they kill Hipparchus, both killed that day, but now celebrated for getting rid of the horrible tyranny that started after this event
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Clisthenes
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Democratic Period
Son of Megacles from Alcmeonids, tell oracle to tell Spartans (Cleomenes) to attack Athenians, they do and take Hippias hostage, he takes over, changes constitution equal share in government for the common people so brings democracy, redistribution of people into 10 new tribes, enrolled all aliens and freed slaves, assembly of citizens that can vote, council of 500 50 from each tribe, most power to 2 councils + assembly |
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Demes
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new invention by Clisthenes, which are new tribes (10 of them). They had their own separate town meetings.
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Clemeones
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king of Sparta, defeated Hippias and sent him exile. He found out Clisthenes gave jewelry to the oracles so that he can help Clisthenes, so Clemeones left him. He held a war counsel to get rid of Clisthenes, but nobody listened to him.
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Isagoras
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ruler of rich nobility, doesn’t like Clistenes so asks Cleomenes for help again
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Demarchos
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officer of each deme
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Helliaia
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pool of jurors, all 30+ citizens
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Ostracism
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broken piece of pottery, but it was a “scratch paper”. If anyone received over 6000+ votes, they would be exiled)
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Dicasterie
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democratic court with jury of 500 selected from Helliaia
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The Milesian School
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(Ionian School) mainly questions of science
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Thales
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He believed everything was made out of water. He also predicted the solar eclipse. So, people started to believe the solar eclipse is not from the Gods.
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Arche
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fundamental element that all things are made out of.
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Mythos + Logos
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word, but not quite. It is a form of communication. It is a dialogue, anything that stands between a speaker and a listener. He wants to be on the receiving and of the logos. Myth is that you are only a receiver. A true philosopher must go both ways. The only way you will have a true discussion is a two way.
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Anaximander
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He was the first to attempt to draw the entire Earth. He also tried to calculate time. He believed the Earth was a semi-sphere
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Xenophanes of Colophon
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Well known for his utter content for the common people (because common people are stupid, and he is smart). He loves personal attacks
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Pythagoras of Samos
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Crazy mathematician. He thought numbers were magical. He thought you can create things through math. He was the first to use philosophia (which meant love of wisdom). He thinks number 10 is the must perfect number
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Heraclitus of Ephesus
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He believed everything was made out of fire( so he believed arche was fire). He said “everything is in flux” because everything in the universe is always changing ( because of logos, the force in the universe and transforms things)
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Croesus
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, not oppressive of Greeks, let them govern themselves, developed first monetary system with precious metals, increases size of Lydia and gains wealth through trade, bad in military (superstitious)
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Astyages
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Croesus’ ally from nearby kingdom of Media
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Cyrus II
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thinks meds are corrupt, attacks Astyages in 550 and takes over his throne, Media no vassal state to Persia, attacked by allegiance of Babylon Egypt and Lydia and using camels takes over all of them, spares Croesus life when says Solon’s teachings and they become friends, dies before taking over Egypt
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Amasis
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King of Egypt, allies with Croesus + Nabonidus against Cyrus
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Cambyses
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Cyrus’ son, half mad, kills brother to get throne, Conquers Egypt, he was ill and had seizures, hat a lot of catastrophes, kills wife + son, thinks he is cursed and commits suicide
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Polycrates
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tyrant of Samos, Greek polis never under Libyan or Persian control, during Cambyses tries to take over Greek polises in Persia so allies with Egypt, he was very very lucky until one day Persian Satrap arrests him and kills him
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Darius
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He took over Persia illegally by eliminating others. There was actually a generation of peace and prosperity under Darius I. He planned an invasion against Scythia. He formed the bridge along Danube river
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Miltiades
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Athenian general says they should destroy bridge to get Greece back
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Histaeus
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says don’t destroy bridge! We need him to survive, and Greeks listen to him, later plans rebellion and so he is summoned by Darius to stay in Persia with him
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Megabazus
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Conquered Thrace and some part of Macedonia after order of Darius. He also informed Darius that Histiaeus may be trying to form a resistance.
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The Ionian Revolt
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) Revolution in Naxos war between Greek and Persia, Aristagoras (son in law of Histaeus) from Liletus looks for assistance to own the whole island since he was kicked out by the people so he goes to Persian governor (satrap) Artaphernes and tells him they could annex island of Naxos to the empire if he lets him be governor, but Aristagoras was not liked by the Persian ships and crews and the general is mean to him, so to get back at general he informs Naxos of the attack. All Greek cities revolt, and Aristagoras gets help from the Athenians and other Greeks
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The Burning of Sardis
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houses in Sardis were made of straw, so when one house lit on fire by revolters, the whole city was burned down
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Aristagoras
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Son in law of Histiaeus. He goes to neighboring satrap Artaphernes for help.
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Artaphernes
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Satrap. He gave Aristagoras 200 ships along with Persian generals controlling them. Aristagoras got into argument with Persian generals. Aristagoras told Naxians that Persians were coming, and they did not invade.
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Mardonius
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goes with his army all around through Thrace + Macedonia, and a naval army following in the coast hurricane hits and 300 vessels + 200,000 men destroyed so not enough people to win, besides the people on land fighting along the way so lost men there too aborts mission
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2nd Persian Invasion
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Darius still wants revenge sends helot to find agreement but Athens and Sparta threw them into pits
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Siege of Eretria
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on the 7th day a traitor opens gate and lets Persians in
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Battle of Marathon
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Marathon bay close to Athens, Athenians decide to attack first and surprise the Persians, 11,000 Greeks vs. 40,000 Persians, they win thanks to Miltiades
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Miltiades
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he is commander on the day that they Athenians attack, decides to stretch out his phalanx and encircles the Persians, Persians scared and flee, greatest general of all time, but then asks for ships and invades island, looses and gets gangrene and dies.
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Aristides
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on of the 10 generals in Athens, inferior abilities but very honest man, conservative party, gets ostracized because of problems with Themistocles
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Themistocles
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very persuasive + skilled but dishonest, liberal party
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Xerxes
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Emperor of Persian after Darius wants to continue his attack of Athens to honor his father
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Battle of Thermopylae
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Athenians need to stop Persians to make time, ask Spartans for help but they are in festival, so can only send 300 men including 1 king, traitor tells Persians of back way all 300 Spartans die in honor
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Battle of Artemisium
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naval fleet stopping Persians at same time of battle of Thermopylae, hurricane hits Persians, now becomes even fight but Athenians have to retreat, Persians bringing more men
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