Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Chemistry of Alcohol
|
• Psychoactive ingredient – can create dependency
o Ethyl Alcohol • Beer 3-6& alcohol by volume • Malt Liquors 6-8% • Table wines (fermented) 9-14% • Fortified (alcohol added to wine) 20% • Hard Liquors 35-50% |
|
|
Proof
|
2x percentage of concentration of Alcohol by volume
20% = 40 proof |
|
|
o Which is stronger?
• 12oz beer • 5oz wine • 1.5 oz 80 proof liquor |
All the same, know difference between proof and concentration, standard “drinks” and think critically about it
Beer = 12oz x 5% = 60 Wine = 5oz x 12% = 60 80 Proof Liquor = 1.5oz x 40% = 60 |
|
|
Absorption Location
|
• 20% rapidly absorbed in stomach and intenstines and then into blood stream
• 75% upper small intestines • remainder in the GI track |
|
|
Modifiers of Alcohol absorption
|
Carbonation increases absorption
Food Slows absorption Eventually all alcohol will be absorbed |
|
|
Metabolism and Excretion
|
o Liver metabolizes alcohol
o Rate depends on many factors o 2-10% of ingested alcohol is not metabolized in the liver • excreted via lungs, sweat glands, etc. o transported throughout the body via the bloodstream |
|
|
Alcohol Intake Modified by Body Weight and Body Fat
|
• A smaller person has less blood
• Size of the individual Alcohol does not concentrate as much in fatty tissue as it does in other types of tissue do to less blood vessels in fat • A person with higher body fat will have a higher BAC |
|
|
Alcohol Intake Differences Between Men and Women
|
Women metabolize less in the stomach than men do because they do not have a certain enzyme that men do
• More unmetabolized alcohol enters the system, women cant drink as much |
|
|
BAC Level symptoms
|
o .03% mildy relaxed slight change in existing mood
o .05% mentally relaxed, decrease in fine motor skills, but increase in reaction time o .10% talkative noisy, moody, extremely poor judgment and coordination o .18% obviously intoxication, lack of coordination in all behavior, vision and speech impairment o .25% Drunken stupor” mental confusion, inability to respond, may pass out o .40% heartbeat and respiration slow down, coma, possibly death |
|
|
Temporary Effects of Alcohol on The Body
|
o hangover
• constitutional-fatigue, weakness, and thirst • pain – headache and muscle aches • Gastrointestinal – nausea vomiting stomach pain • Sleep – decreased sleep and REM sleep • Sensory vertigo and sensitivity to light and sound • Cognitive – decreased attention and concentration • Mood – depression anxiety, and irratibility • Symp Hyperacty – tremor, sweating and increased pulse and systolic blood pressure o Intensified if use in conjunction with other drugs • Redbull counts |
|
|
Effects of Chronic Use of Alcohol
|
o Diseases of the digestive and cardiovascular systems
• Liver function – liver cell damage and destruction (cirrhosis) Fat accumulates in liver cells causing it to swell which damages the liver • Pancreatitis Can occur after 1 or 2 binge drinking episodes • Cardiovascular system Inflammation of the heart Higher doses elevate BP, may weaken the ehart muscle • Cancer – mouth, throat, larynx, esophageal cancer, slight increase of breast cancer risk • Mortality – more we drink dumber things we do Life expectancy is 15 years less for alcoholics than non-alcoholics • Half due to chronic disease, half due to accidental death and suicide |
|
|
Effects of Alcohol on Pregnancy - Fetal Alcohol Syndrom
|
• Facial abnormalities
• Poor coordination • Hyperactive behavior • Learning disabilities • Developmental disabilities (speech and language) • Mental retardation or low IQ • Problems with daily living • Poor reasoning and judgement skills • Sleep and sucking disturbances in infancy Physical characteristics • Small head • Low nasal bridge • Flat mid-face • Small eye openings • Short nose • Thin upper lip • Underdeveloped jaw • Smooth philtrum |
|
|
Alcohol related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND)
|
• Children with ARND do not have full FAS, but may demonstrate learning and behavioral problems
|
|
|
Alcohol Poisoning .40%
|
o Symptoms
• Unconscious or semi-conscious and cannot be awakened • Cold, clammy, pale or bluish skin • Slow or irregular breathing • Vomiting while sleeping or passed out o What to do • Better safe than sorry • Get help right away. Call 911 • Do not leave person alone • Turn person on his/her side to prevent choking on vomit |
|
|
Health Benefits of Alcohol
|
• Moderate drinking = one per day for women and two drinks per day for men
• May o Lower the risks of • Coronary heart disease • Diabetes • Arterial blockages • Alzheimer’s disease o Raise blood levels of HDL |
|
|
Alcohol Abuse V. Alcoholism
|
• Alcohol abuse is recurrent use that has negative consequence’s
o Drinking in dangerous situation o Patterns that lead to problems at home, work, school, interpersonal, or legal • Alcoholism, also known as alcohol dependence, is a disease that includes the following four symptoms o Craving o Loss of control o Tolerance o Physical dependence • Withdrawal symptoms |
