Hg 4-5

Front 1

How do you find a kinship among various tongues?

Back 1

Group them in Language families or comparing the vocabularies of various Indo-European tongues

Front 2

Define “polyglot.” Can you give an example of the polyglot nation? What are the languages spoken in that country?

Back 2

a. Polyglot: Multilanguage state
b. Ex: Israel. Hebrew/Islamic

Front 3

What are the official languages of Israel?

Back 3

Hebrew, Arabic, Amharic

Front 4

Explain how the Hebrew language has become one of the official languages of Israel. What was the status of Hebrew before the creation of Israel?

Back 4

A language was needed to unite immigrant Jewish people.

Front 5

Explain what the following statement means: “Swahili is a lingua franca for commercial purposes.” (Clarify what “Swahili” is and how/why it is used in a certain part of the world.)

Back 5

Swahili is spoken for business especially in Eastern Africa, and relatively widely known by businessmen

Front 6

The diffusion of Indo-European language was facilitated through agriculture terms peacefully.

Back 6

Anatolian Hypothesis

Front 7

Much quicker (within 6000 years) happened on the steps of central Asia rapidly, and perhaps, less peacefully.

Back 7

Kurgan Hypothesis

Front 8

Explain how the expansion of political empires in Europe contributed to the diffusion of the Indo-European language family. What kind of diffusion did it experience?

Back 8

a. Occurred with the growth of political empires
b. Relocation and expansion diffusion (hierarchal). Ex: diffusion of Latin with Roman conquests; Spanish with the conquest of Latin America

Front 9

What influences has the Sino-Tibetan language family given to other languages in East Asia?

Back 9

Chinese (Han) and Tibeto-Burman

Front 10

Explain how the Austronesian diffusion took place. What makes this diffusion so unique compared to the other language families?

Back 10

The islanders sailed from island to island in the pacific ocean, inhabiting and adding languages to the polynesian islands. They had to achieve incredible nautical feats to diffuse how they did. Affected by prevailing wind and water current

Front 11

Explain how a certain language is linked to a particular religious faith and heightens cultural identity (you need to know specific examples).

Back 11

Latin, for example, was the official language of the Catholic Church for some time. The language of a religion, even if not widely spoken anymore, provides cultural identity and fabric to weave the Catholics together.

Front 12

Discuss how a language serves as an environmental adaptive strategy with an example.

Back 12

Languages can serve as a WARNING against dangerous areas, provide instruction on how to farm the area, or can give help finding shelter. The spanish language has many words describing very detailed parts of landscape in barren, arizona-type lands

Front 13

From a point of view of geolinguistics, Spanish is better at describing mountainous landscape than English. Why?

Back 13

Because the language developed when the spanish were settling a very arid, dry, mountainous region.

Front 14

Explain how ethnic foods that are available in the United States indicate the origins of diverse ethnicity in the nation.

Back 14

Because many cultures prefer the food of their origin, they brought with them the recipes of their ancestors to the country. This, you can see, with various ethnic restaurants dotted in various places across the nation.

Front 15

How did the state of Nebraska establish its status as a “magnet for immigrants”?

Back 15

It prides itself on its rich culture by celebrating national holidays and having parades for the populations of immigrants as seen fit. Also a big meat industry attracts immigrants today.

Front 16

The ethnic group adopts enough of the ways of the host society to be able to function economically an socially

Back 16

Acculturation

Front 17

A complete blending with the host culture and may involve the loss of many distinctive ethnic traits

Back 17

Assimilation

Front 18

large areas with sizable populations. Often retain political autonomy. Often belong to indigenous groups

Back 18

Ethnic homelands

Front 19

Regional Cultural Distinctiveness that remains following the assimilation of an ethnic homeland

Back 19

Ethnic substrate

Front 20

area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background

Back 20

Ethnic neighborhood

Front 21

Genetically significant difference between human populations

Back 21

Race

Front 22

ethnic quality or affiliation resulting from racial or cultural ties

Back 22

Ethnicity

Front 23

Spanish-speaking quarter in a town or city (esp. in US)

Back 23

Barrio

Front 24

Urban areas like San Gabriel Valley in California with ethnic business concentrations and identification ethnic residential clusters

Back 24

Ethnoburb

Front 25

Explain how colonialism often resulted in genocide in the New World and Africa

Back 25

conquistadors always got greedy, ran into opposition, absolved themselves from their sins by convincing others their mission was for God, and finally, to make way for settlement.

Front 26

Languages that cannot be mutually understood especially for monolingual speaker

Back 26

Separate Language

Front 27

Tongue

Back 27

Manner of speaking (ex: Papuan)

Front 28

small vocab derived from the languages of the groups in contact. Tenkyu…(Invented language)

Back 28

Pidgin

Front 29

Existing language, such as English, that is commonly use, not mother tongue or parent language (real language)

Back 29

Lingua Franca

Front 30

Indo-European Family

Back 30

Slavic, Celtic, Germanic, Romance, Iranic, Indic (Russia, Europe, North and South America, Australia)

Front 31

Sino-Tibetan

Back 31

Chinese, Tibeto-Burman (Himalayan Plateau)

Front 32

Afro-Asiatic Family

Back 32

Semitic (Arabic, Hebrew, Arabian Peninsula) & Hamitic (North & East Africa)

Front 33

Ethnic residential quarters often associated with religious minorities; impoverished, urban, African American neighborhood.

Back 33

Ghetto

Front 34

The belief that human capabilities are determined by racial classification and that some races are superior to others

Back 34

Racism

Front 35

Small rural area settled by a single, distinctive ethnic group that placed its imprint on the landscape

Back 35

Ethnic Island

Front 36

African American migration from northern cities to the Black Belt is an example of what migration pattern

Back 36

Return migration

Front 37

The voluntary movement of a group back to its ancestral homeland/country

Back 37

Return migration

Front 38

forced migration (African slavery)

Back 38

Involuntary migration

Front 39

An individual or small group decides to migrate to a foreign country and influence others

Back 39

Chain migration