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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
TRAUMA TO THE CHEST AND ABDOMEN CAN INVOLVE WHAT SYSTEMS
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CARDIO,RESPIRITORY, DIGESTIVE, URINARY
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HOW MANY PAIRS OF RIBS ARE THERE
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12, UPPER 7 ATTACH TO STERNUM (TRUE RIBS), 8-10 ATTACH INDIRECTLY, 11-12 DO NOT ATTACH ANTERIOR(FLOATING RIBS)
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WHAT ARE THE THREE SECTIONS OF THE STERNUM
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MANIBRIUM (TOP), BODY, XIPHOID PROCESS (BOTTOM)
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WHERE DO CLAVICALS ARTICULATE
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STERNUM MEDIALLY, HUMERUS AND SCAPULA LATERALLY
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WHAT % OF WORK DOES THE DIAPHRAGM DO
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70%
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WHAT IS IN THE MEDIASTINUM
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HEART, GREAT VESSELS, TRACHEA, ESOPHAGUS, THYMUS GLAND
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WHAT NERVE ROOTS INNERVATE THE DIAPHRAGM
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PHRENIC NERVES, ORIGINATE FROM C-3,4,5
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WHAT NERVE ROOTS INNERVATE THE INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES
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INTERCOSTAL NERVES, ORIGINATE FROM T-2-12
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WHERE DOES LYMPH EMPTY TO
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RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT (DRAIN FROM R ARM, SIDE OF HEAD, SIDE OF THORAX), THORACIC DUCT (IN L THORAX, RECIEVES LYMPH FROM REST OF BODY), BOTH DUCTS DRAIN TO R/L SUBCLAVIAN VEINS
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PEDIATRIC THORAX =
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MORE CARTILAGE=ABSORBS FORCES= MINOR SIGNS OF INJURY, FEW RIB FRACTURES, GREATER INCIDENCE OF INTERNAL INJURY
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GERIATRIC THORAX
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CALSIFICATION & OSTEOPOROSIS=MORE RIB FRACTURES, PREEXISTING DISEASE AND PROGRESSIVE REDUCTION OF RESPIRATORY AND CARDIAC RESERVES= GREATER MORBIDITY/MORTALITY FROM SERIOUS CHEST TRAUMA
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WHAT THREE WAYS DO CHEST INJURIES DAMAGE BELLOWS SYSTEM
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1.PAIN RESTRICTS EXCURSION, 2.AIR CAN ENTER PLEURA SPACE-GAS EXCHANGE DISRUPTED, 3.CHEST WALL DOESN'T MOVE IN UNISON
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RIB FRACTURES
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FOUND IN >50% W/ BLUNT TRAUMA, USUALY IN LATERAL ASPECT OF RIBS 4-8, FRACTURES OF 9-12=ASSOCIATED AB INJURY
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WHAT INJURIES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH FRACTURE OF RIB 1,2,3
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MYOCARDIAL CONTUSION, BRONCHIAL TEARS, AORTIC RUPTURE, VASCULAR INJURY(MORBILITY OF UP TO 30%)
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STERNAL FRACTURE:
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INCIDENCE:5-8%, MORTALITY RATE OF 25-45% DUE TO OTHER INTERNAL INJURIES
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FLAIL CHEST
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THREE OR MORE RIBS FRACTURED IN TWO OR MORE PLACES, MAY NOT BE SEEN FOR UP TO TWO HOURS DUE TO MUSCLE SPASMS WITH INJURY
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CLOSED (SIMPLE) PNEUMOTHORAX
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PLEURA SPACE EXPANDS DUE TO INTERIOR WOUND OR DISEASE PROCESS
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OPEN PNEUMO THORAX
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PLEURA SPACE EXPANDS DUE TO EXTERNAL WOUND, OPENING MUST BE 2/3 SIZE OF TRACHEA
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TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX
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PNEUMOTHORAX THAT PUSHES MEDIASTINUM TO OPOSITE SIDE, S/S INCLUDE JVD, TRACHEAL DEVIATION
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HEMO THORAX
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ACCUMULATION OF BLOOD IN PLEURA SPACE, INTERCOSTAL ARTERY CAN BLEED 50ML MIN., EACH SIDE CAN HOLD 3000CC OF BLOOD
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PULMONARY CONTUSION
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BRUIS TO LUNGS, RESP. FAILURE CAN DEVOLOPE IN 8-24HR, BLOOD IS IRRITATING SO THE INFLAMITORY RESPONSE IS INITIATED=MORE FLUID TO AREA
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MYOCARDIAL CONTUSION
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BRIUSE TO HEART, SYSTOLIC PRESSURE RISES TO 800=ACUTE OR DELAYED RUPTURE OF HEART, 1.BRUISE-FULL OR PARTIAL THICKNESS, 2.DAMAGE TO CONDUCTION SYSTEM-MOST COMMON, 3.RUPTURE OF MYOCARDIAL WALL
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PERICARDIAL TAMPONADE
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FLUID IN PARICARDIAL SAC, PERICARDIAL SAC DOES NOT STRETCH, W/ 200-300CC S/S DEVOLOPE, 20CC REMOVED=SIGNIFICANT RELIEF, BLOOD NEEDS TO BE EVACUATED IN 10 MIN.
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WHAT ARE S/S OF PARICARDIAL TAMPONADE
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JVD, MUFFLED HEART SOUNDS, NARROWING PULSE PRESSURE, PUSLUS PARADOXUS, KUSSMAULS SIGN, ELECTRICAL ALTERATIONS
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KUSSMAULS SIGN
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DECREASE OR ABSENSE OF JVD DURRING INSPIRATION
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PULSUS PARADOXUS
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DROP IN BP OR PERIPHERAL PULSE DURRING INSPIRATION
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TRAUMATIC AORTIC ANURYSM/RUPTURE
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85-95% MORTALITY, 80-90% DIE IN 1ST HOUR
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WHAT THREE POSITIONS IS AORTA FIXED
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WHERE AORTA JOINS HEART(AORTIC ANNULUS), LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM(AORTIC ISTHMUS, AT DIAPHRAGM, TEARS USUALY OCCUR ON DESCENDING SECTION AND AT THE LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM
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LOCATION OF DIAPHRAGM
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4TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE ANTERIORLY, 6TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE POSTERIORLY
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WHAT IS LIFE THREAT OF ESOPHAGEAL RUPTURE
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STOMACH CONTENSE OR AIR IN MEDIASTINUM
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TRACHEOBRONCHIAL INJURY
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HAPPENS LESS THAN 3% OF TIME, 30% MORTALITY, 50% DIE W/I ONE HOUR, USUALYW/I 2.5 CM OF CARINA
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TRAUMATIC ASPHYXIA
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RESULTS FROM SEVERE CRUSH INJURY, INTRATHORASIC PRESSURE INCREASES, BLOOD RETURNING TO R SIDE OF HEART IS DISPERSEDINTO VEINS OF UPPER THORAX AND HEAD
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S/S OF TRAUMATIC ASPHYXIA
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BLOOD SHOT EYE, BULGING BLUE TONCUE, JVD, CYANOTIC UPPER BODY
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WHAT ARE THE ABDOMINAL SECTIONS
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1.RETROPERITONEAL-KIDNEY, AORTA, VENA CAVA, PART OF DUODENUM AND PANCREAS(NO PROTECTION) 2.PELVIC SPACE-BLADDER, RECTUM, OVARIES, FALLOPIAN TUBES 3.ABDOMINAL SPACE-4 QUADS
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UPPER RIGHT QUADRANT
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LIVER, R KIDNEY, GAL BLADDER, DUODENUM, HEAD OF PANCREAS, PART OF TRANSVERSE COLON
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UPPER LEFT QUADRANT
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SPLEEN, TAIL OF PANCREAS, STOMACH, L KIDNEY, PART OF TRANSVERSE COLON
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RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT
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APPENDIX, ASCENDING COLON, SMALL INTESTINE, R OVARY & FALLOPIAN TUBE
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LEFT LOWER QUADRANT
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SMALL INTESTINE, DESCENDING COLON, LEFT OVARY & FALLOPIAN TUBE
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RETROPERITONEAL STRUCTURES
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KIDNEYS, DUODENUM, PANCREAS, URINARY BLADDER, POSTERIOR PORTIONS OF COLON, RECTUM, MAJOR VASCULAR STRUCTURES
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PERITONEUM
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SEROUS MEMBRANE, FLUID BETWEEN LAYERS, SENSITIVE, STERAL SPACE, EASILY INFLAMED, COMPRISED OF MESENTARY AND OMENTUM
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LIVER
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2ND IN AMOUNT OF FUNCTIONS TO BRAIN, PERFORMS OVER 200 FUNCTIONS, RECEIVES 25% OF CO, HOLDS GREATEST BLOOD RESERVE OF ALL ORGANS, 2.5% OF TOTAL BODY WEIGHT, PAIN REFERED TO RIGHT SHOULDER
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GALLBLADDER
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3-4 IN LONG, STORES UP TO 40-70 CC OF BILE BRODUCED BY LIVER, BILE HELPS DIGESTION OF FAT-CHOLESTEROL-PHOSPHOLIPIDS-LIPOPROTEINS
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PANCREAS
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ACINI CELLS (99% OF CELLS IN PANCREAS) PRODUCE ENZYMES INVOLVED IN THE DIGESTION OF STARCHES-EMULSIFIED FATS-PROTEINS, PRODUCS BICARBONATE TO BUFFER ACID FROM STOMACH
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PANCREAS
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ISLETS OF LANGERHANS CONTAIN BETA CELLS (75%) THAT SECRETE INSULIN, ALPHA CELLS THAT SECRETE GLUCAGON, DELTA CELLS THAT SECRETE SOMATOSTATIN(HELPS INSULIN LOWER BLOOD SUGAR), PAIN RADIATE TO BACK
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SPLEEN
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STORES AND RELEASES BLOOD WHEN NEEDED, CONTAINES PLASMA CELLS THAT PRODUCE ANTIBODIES, CONTAIN MACROPHAGES THAT KILL PATHOGENS, OLD RBC, PLATELETS, PAIN REFERED TO LEFT SHOULDER
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KIDNEYS
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FORMS URIN FROM BLOOD PLASMA, WASTE PRODUCTS EXCRETED, ORGAN MOST RESPONSIBLE FOR ACID BASE BALANCE, PAIN RADIATED FROM FLANK TO GROIN
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WHAT WILL HAPEN IF ABDOMIN CONTENTS ARE SPILLED INTO PERITONEUM
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INFLAMATION WITH IN 12-24 HOURS, BLOOD WILL NOT CAUSE PERITONITIS
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LOCATION OF UTERUS DURRING PREGNANCY
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1ST TRIMESTER-JUST ABOVE PUBIC BONE, 5TH MONTH-AT UMBILICUS, 7TH MONTH-AT XYPHOID PROCESS
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CARDIAC OUTPUT FOR PREGNANT WEMON
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CO INCREASES 20-40% IN FIRST 10 WEEKS, PEAKS AT 6-7L PER MIN, HEART INCREASES 10-15 BPM, 45-50% INCREAES IN BLOOD VOLUME, CAN LOOSE 30-35% BEFORE HYPOTENSION
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WHAT IS CARE FOR FLAIL CHEST
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APPLY GENTLE PRESSURE WITH BULKY TRAUMA PAD OR PILLOW
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WHAT IS CARE FOR PNEUMOTHORAX
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SEAL WITH OCCLUSIVE ON THREE SIDES, SHOULD EXTEND 2" AROUND SITE, IF SIGNS OF TENSION DEVOLOPE-UNSEAL OCCLUSIVE
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WHAT IS CARE FOR TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX
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DECOMPRESS-MIDCLAVICULAR:2ND-3RD INTERCOSTAL SPACE, MIDAXILLARY:AROUND 5TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE(NIPPLE LINE) ABOVE RIB @ 90deg. WITH LARGE BORE FILLED WITH WATER
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WHAT MAY CAUSE STRESS ON AN ANEURYSM
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BP TAKEN ON LEFT ARM
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WHAT IS CARE FOR EVISCERATION
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WET STERAL DRESSING, OCCLUSIVE DRESSING, DRY STERILE LINT FREE BULKY DRESSING
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