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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
WHAT DOES THE PHYSICAL EXAM START WITH
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THE GENERAL IMPRESSION
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INSPECTION
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INFORMED OBSERVATION, NONINVASIVE, ONE OF THE MOST VALUABLE TOOLS, STARTS WITH VISUAL CONTACT
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PALPATION
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USE YOUR SENSE OF TOUCH, YOU CAN DETERMINE SIZE SHAPE POSITIONS, USE PADS OF FINGERS FOR LYMPH NODES AND RIB FRACTURES, USE PALM FOR VIBRATIONS FREMITUS, USE BACK OF HAND FOR TEMP
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PERCUSSION
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STRIKE THE KNUCKLE OF ONE HAND WITH THE TIP OF A FINGER VIBRATIONS CAN GO 4-6 CM DEEP
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AUSCULATION
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LISTEN FOR SOUNDS PRODUCED BY LUNGS HEART INTESTINES, MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS, HOLD END PIECE BETWEEN 2ND&3RD FINGER, AVOID TOUCHING TUBUNG, CHECK ABDOMEN BEFORE PALPATION
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VITAL SIGNS
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4 BASICS ARE PULSE, RESPIRATIONS, BP, TEMP
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PULSE UNDER 60=
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HIGH PARASYMPATHETIC TONE, HEADINJURY, HYPOTHERMIA, DRUG OVERDOSE, CONDITIONING
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PULSE OVER 100=
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HIGH SYMPATHETIC TONE, BLOOD LOSS, FEAR, PAIN, FEVER, HYPOXIA, VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
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TACHYPNEA (OVER 20)=
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HYPOXIA, SHOCK, HEADINJURY, ANXIETY
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BRADYPNEA (UNDER 12)=
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DRUG OVERDOSE, SEVERE HYPOXIA, CNS INSULT
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KOROTKOFF SOUNDS
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SOULD OF BLOOD HITTING THE ARTERY WALL
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WIDENING OF BP=
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INCREASED ICP OR BODY TEMP
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NARROWING BP=
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TAMPONADE OR TENSION PNEUMO
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INCREASED BP=
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HEART DISEASE, VASCULAR DISEASE, KIDNEY DISEASE, STROKE, ICP
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DECREASED BP=
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SHOCK, ALL TYPES
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INCREASED TEMP=
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXTREMES, INFECTIONS, DRUGS, METABOLIC PROCESS, FEVER IS DESIGNED TO DRIVE OUT INVADERS
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93 F=
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WARMING MECHANISMS FAIL
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90 F=
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SHIVERING AND HEART STOPS
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70 F=
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LIFE CEASES
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102 F=
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INCREASES METABOLISM
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103 F=
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BRAIN NEURONS DENATURE
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105 F=
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BRAIN CELLS DIE, SEIZURES BEGIN
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WHERE ARE CENTRAL PULSES
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CAROTID, FEMORAL
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WHERE ARE PERIPHERAL PULSES
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RADIAL, BRACHIAL, POSTERIOR TIBIAL, DORSALIS PEDIS, POPLITEAL
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WHAT IS LARGEST AND MOST IMPORTANT ORGAN
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SKIN, MAKES UP 15% OK BODY WEIGHT, REGULATES BODY TEMP, REGULATES BP, REPAIRES WOUND SURFACES, PROTECTS VITAL ORGANS
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AQUEOUS HUMOR
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FLUID THAT FILLS ANTERIOR CHAMBER OF EYE
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VITREOUS HUMOR
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FLUID THAT FILLS POSTERIOR CHAMBER OF EYE
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RETINA
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NERVOUS LAYER, LIGHT AND COLOR SENSING, TRANSFORMS LIGHT INTO IMPULSES
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RODS
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PHOTORECEPTORS FOR NIGHT VISION
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CONES
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PHOTO RECEPTORS FOR DAY AND COLOR VISION
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CORNEA
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THIN CLEAR LAYER THAT COVERS PUPIL/IRIS, RICH SUPPLY OF SENSORY NERVES
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UNILATERAL SLUGGISH PUPIL=
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PRESSURE ON CNIII FROM ICP
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BILATERAL SLUGGISH PUPIL=
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GLOBAL HYPOXIA, ADVERSE DRUG REACTION
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FIXED/DILATED=
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BRAIN DEATH
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NYSTAGMUS=
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FINE JERKING OF EYES
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VERTIGO=
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BALANCE DISRUPTED
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TRACHEAL TUGGING=
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PULMONARY FIBROSIS AND ATELECTASIS, TUGS TOWARD AFFECTED SIDE DURRING INSPIRATION
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HOW SI JVD CHECKED
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LAY PATIENT SUPINE, RAISE HEAD AT 45 DEGREE ANGLE
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HOW IS AB EXAM PERFORMED
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ONE PILLOW UNDER HEAD, HANDS AT SIDE, MUSCLES RELAXED, EXAMIN PAIN AREA LAST
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ASCITES
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BULGES IN FLANKS AND ABDOMEN
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PAIN IN ABDOMEN=
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PERITONEAL IRRITATION OR INFLAMATION
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
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HELPS RESTORE FLUID VOLUME TO VASCULAR SPACE AND FILTER OUT WASTE
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BLOOD MOVES IN ARTERIES DUE TO
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PRESSURE DIFFERENCES
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BLOOD MOVES IN VEINS DUE TO
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MUSCLE MOVEMENT, ONE WAY VALVES, PRESSURE DIFFERENCES IN CHEST, POSITION
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BILATERAL EDEMA=
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CENTRAL CIRCULATORY PROBLEN, CHF/RENAL FAILURE
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UNILATERAL EDEMA=
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LOWER EXTREMITY CIRCULATION ABNORMALITY, DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS/VENOUS OCCLUSION
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HIGHER THE EDEMA=
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MORE SEVER THE PROBLEM
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EDEMA IN SACRAL REGION=
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BED RIDDEN OR LAID UP FOR A PERIOD OF TIME, NOT TAKING MEDS CORRECTLY
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WHAT 5 AREAS SHOULD MENTAD EXAM COVER
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MENTAL STATUS AND SPEECH, CRANIAL NERVES, MOTOR SYSTEMS, REFLEXES, SENSORY SYSTEM
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LATHERGIC
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DROWSEY, BUT ANSWERS THEN FALLS BACK ASLEEP
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OBTUNDED
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OPENS EYES, GIVES SLOW, CONFUSED RESPONSES
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STUPOR
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AROUSABLE FOR SHORT PERIODS, UNAWARE OF SURROUNDINGS
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COMATOSE
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PROFOUND UNCONSCIOUSNESS, TOTALY UNAROUSABLE
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DYSARTHIA
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DEFECTIVE SPEECH DUE TO MOTOR DEFICITS
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DYSPHONIA
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VOICE CHANGE DUE TO VOCAL CORD PROBLEMS
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APHASIA
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DEFECTIVE LANGUAGE DUE TO NEURO DAMAGE TO BRAIN
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EXPRESSIVE APHASIA
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GARBLED WORDS
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RECEPTIVE APHASIA
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CLEAR WORDS, BUT UNRELATED TO QUESTIONS
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FLIGHT OF IDEAS=
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MANIA
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RAMBLING
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PSYCHOSIS
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FACTS AND EVENTS MADE UP=
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AMNESIA
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SUDDEN LOSS OF TRAIN OF THOUGHT=
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NORMAL, SCHIZOPHRENIA
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HOW MANY NERVE FIBERS EXIT SPINAL CORD
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31
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DORSAL ROOTS
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AFFERENT (SENSORY) FIBERS
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VENTRAL ROOTS
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EFFERENT (MOTOR)NERVES
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INTERNEURONS
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CONNECT AFFERENT AND EFFERENT FIBERS
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STAND ERECT OR SLUMP TO ONE SIDE=
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UNILATERAL PARALYSIS OR WEAKNESS
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HAND SHAKES WHEN PERFORMING TASK=
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POSTURALTREMOR
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TREMORS THAT STOP WITH MOVMENT=
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PARKINSONS
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CLAVICLE
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C3
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LITTLE FINGER
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C7
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NIPPLES
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T4
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UMBILICUS
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T10
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SMALL TOE
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S1
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POSTERIOR FONTANELLE CLOSES AT
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4 MO.
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ANTERIOR FONTANELLE CLOSES AT
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9-18 MO.
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NECK STIFFNESS=
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MENINGITIS
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NERVE I
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NORMALY NOT TESTED
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NERVE II,III
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DIRECT RESPONSE TO LIGHT
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NERVE III,IV,VI
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H TEST FOR EXTRAOCULAR MOVEMENT
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NERVW V
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CLENCH TEETH, PALPATE MASSETER AND TEMPORAL MUSCLES, TEST SENSORY TO FORHEAD, CHEEK, AND TONGUE
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NERVE VII
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SHOW TEETH
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NERVE IX,X
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SAY AAHH, WATCH UVULA MOVE, TEST GAG
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NERVE XII
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STICK OUT TONGUE
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NERVE VIII
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TEST BALANCE AND HEARING
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NERVE XI
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SHRUG SHOLDERS, TURN HEAD
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