Hesiod

Front 1

Hesiod
i. date

Back 1

700 BC

Front 2

PROLOGUE:
Muses & Memory
i. Format:

Back 2

Myth of divine inspiration
- goddesses of poetry/song
- daughters of Zeus and Memory (9 muses)
- genealogical catalogue: 'family tree'

Front 3

i. Theogony
vs.
ii. Cosmogony

Back 3

i. gods birth
ii. world's birth

Front 4

Cosmogony
First Stage: 4 basic principles (gods)

Back 4

1. Chaos
2. Gaea
3. Tartarus
4. Eros

Front 5

Define the 4 basic principles (gods) of Cosmogony
1. Chaos
2. Gaea
3. Tartarus
4. Eros

Back 5

1. great big void
2. 'earth'
3. 'underworld'
4. 'love, sexual desire'

Front 6

Gaea

Back 6

- produces partheogenically (asexually)
- births Uranus (sky), mountains, Pontus (sea)

Front 7

Cosmogony
Second Stage: (2 main gods)
i. birth..

Back 7

1. Gaea
2. Uranus (sky) - her son
- they produce the 12 Titans, Cyclopes (one-eyed monsters, metal workers), & Hecatonchires (hundred-armed monsters)

Front 8

Marriage of Earth and Sky represents..

Back 8

- nature allegory
- symbolic description of folk religion process)

Front 9

Children pontus (sea)

Back 9

1. Rivers
2. Nymphs (minor nature goddesses)
3. Monsters (Medusa, Chimera, Cerberus, Hydra, Nemean Lion)

Front 10

Nymphs:

Back 10

minor nature goddesses

Front 11

Succession Myth

Back 11

Inter-generational conficlt (cf. Babylonian 'Enima elish')

: old vs. young generations of gods
- from Near Eastern myths (ex; the Babylonian Enuma Elish - when on high, & the Hittite - Kingship in Heaven

Front 12

Uranus
- castration
- kronia
- Freud's 'primal horde':

Back 12

a succession myth
- conflict between father and son
- Uranus shoves his children back into womb after birth (obstacle, he must be removed for trying to prevent nature)
Kronos castrates* Uranus with help of his mother (Gaea) and a sickle
- throws the penis in sea (Aphrodite is born)
- In relation to ritual: Kronia (ancient, agricultural Greek festival to promote fertility/creation)
Freud's 'primal horde': Early stages of human
Nature Allegory: Process in nature

Front 13

Kronos and Rheia
- produce

Back 13

After kronos castrates Uranus, he marries his sister -> Rheia
- produce 12 olympians (Zeus, Hera, Demeter, Hades)
- Kronos tries to prevent creation from continuing (swallows all his children, instead of shoving them back into the mother, as his father Uranus did)

Kronos must be removed

Front 14

Kronos & Rheia
- Kronos and children (Zeus)

Back 14

- Zeus is saved by Rheia and Gaea, he is sent to Crete*
- Zeus and Olympians defeat Titans; Titanomachy

Front 15

Titanomachy:

Back 15

- Zeus' political alliances
- Zeus and the 12 Olympians defeat Titans
- Zeus frees ....
i. Cyclopes* (metalworkers) - gives Zeus lightning bolt
ii. Hecatonchires (Hundred-armed monsters)

Front 16

Titanomachy -
Alliance
- Styx and her children

Back 16

1. Kratos ("might") and Bia ("Violence")
2. Hecate ("Goddess of trials, assemblies, athletic events, battles, and livestock - human culture)
3. Styx: A river in the underworlds that gods give an oath
- Zeus promises certain things and privileges to alliance
- Zeus uses intelligence to make alliance

Front 17

Titanomachy (Alliance)
Styx:
- and her children
Kratos & Bia:
Hecate:

Back 17

: a river in the underworlds that gods give an oath
:might and violence
: "goddess of trials, assemblies, athletic events, battles, and livestock) - human culture

Front 18

Interpretation of Myth
- Etiology of cult practice
- Cretan connection

Back 18

- Olympian Religion
- A bit of history preserved
i. Zeus on crete with Gaea and Rheia (earth goddesses)
ii. Zeus was only male god, broke free and became dominant

Front 19

Zeus as the end point of Hesiod's Poem

Back 19

- "father of gods and men"
- how will Zeus safeguard his rule without falling into the same traps as his predecessors?