Hesi Drugs

Front 1

What are NRT inhibitors?

Back 1

Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors. These drugs inhibit the reverse transcriptase (converts RNA into DNA) which is needed for HIV, tumor and cancer cells to reproduce.

Front 2

Didanosine (Videx)

Back 2

NRT.

Side effects: Peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, elevated triglycerides.

Fever, rash, N/V, abdominal cramps.

Front 3

Lamivudine (Epivir)

Back 3

NRT.

Side effects: Peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, elevated triglycerides.

Fever, rash, N/V, abdominal cramps.

Front 4

Abacavir (Ziagen)

Back 4

NRT.

Side effects: Peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, elevated triglycerides.

Fever, rash, N/V, abdominal cramps.

Front 5

Zalcitabine (Hivid)

Back 5

NRT.

Side effects: Peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, elevated triglycerides.

Fever, rash, N/V, abdominal cramps.

Front 6

Zidovudine (Retrovier)

Back 6

NRT.

Side effects: Peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, elevated triglycerides.

Fever, rash, N/V, abdominal cramps.

Front 7

What are protease inhibitors?

Back 7

Protease is an enzyme that HIV needs in order to make functional copies of itself. Without protease HIV still replicates but the replicated cells cannot affect new cells (unless a drug resistance has been built).

Front 8

Indinavir (Crixivan)

Back 8

Protease inhibitor.

Side effects: depression, ketoacidosis, seizures, angioedema, stevens-johnson syndrome

Front 9

Amprenavir (Agenerase)

Back 9

Protease inhibitor.

Side effects: depression, ketoacidosis, seizures, angioedema, stevens-johnson syndrome

Front 10

Saquinavir (Invirase)

Back 10

Protease inhibitor.

Side effects: depression, ketoacidosis, seizures, angioedema, stevens-johnson syndrome

Front 11

Ritonavir (Norvir, Kaletra)

Back 11

Protease inhibitor.

Side effects: depression, ketoacidosis, seizures, angioedema, stevens-johnson syndrome

Front 12

Nelfinavir (Viracept)

Back 12

Protease inhibitor.

Side effects: depression, ketoacidosis, seizures, angioedema, stevens-johnson syndrome

Front 13

Efavirenz (Sustiva)

Back 13

Non-NRT inhibitor

Side effects: CNS changes. Nausea, Rash, elevated triglycerides, hepatotoxicity

Front 14

Delavirdine (Rescriptor)

Back 14

Non-NRT inhibitor

Side effects: CNS changes. Nausea, Rash, elevated triglycerides, hepatotoxicity

Front 15

Nevirapine (Viramune)

Back 15

Non-NRT inhibitor

Side effects: CNS changes. Nausea, Rash, elevated triglycerides, hepatotoxicity

Front 16

Amprenavir (Agenerse)

Back 16

Non-NRT inhibitor

Side effects: CNS changes. Nausea, Rash, elevated triglycerides, hepatotoxicity

Front 17

Atovaquone (Mepron)

Back 17

Antiinfective

Side effects: CNS disturbances. Agranulocytosis (neutropenia).

Front 18

Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Back 18

Antiinfective

Side effects: CNS disturbances. Agranulocytosis (neutropenia). Renal calculi

Front 19

Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)

Back 19

Antiretroviral. Blocks HIV's ability to enter into the cell.

Front 20

Acyclovir sodium (Zovirax)

Back 20

Antiviral. Most commonly used drug for herpes simplex

Side effects: Granulocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia.

Front 21

Ganciclovir (Cytovene)

Back 21

Antiviral used to treat or prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Side effects: Granulocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia.

Front 22

Ampherotericin B (Fungizone)

Back 22

Antifungal used to treat Cryptococcal meningitis (IV) and oral candidiasis (PO)

Side effects: Nephrotoxicity. Hypotension. Hypokalemia. Fever. Muscle cramps.

Front 23

Pentamidine isethionate (Pentam 300)

Back 23

Antiprotozoal used to treat Pneumocystis Pneumonia.

Side effects: Leukopenia. ECG abnormalities.

Front 24

Procaine penicillin G (Wycillin)

Back 24

Antiinfective used for gram-positive infections.

Side effects: Diarrhea. Superinfection.

Front 25

What is the difference and significance of gram positive vs gram negative infections?

Back 25

When subjected to the gram dye a bacteria will turn either purple (positive) or pink (negative) due to the structure of its outer shell wall. This is significant because it helps in identifying the bacteria and treatment options.

Front 26

Benzathine penicillin (BiCillin L-A)

Back 26

Antiinfective used for gram-positive infections.

Side effects: Diarrhea. Superinfection.

Front 27

Penicillin V (Pen-Vee K)

Back 27

Antiinfective used for gram-positive infections.

Side effects: Diarrhea and GI distress. Superinfection.

Front 28

Oxacillin sodium

Back 28

Antiinfective used for gram-positive infections.

Side effects: Superinfection

Front 29

Nafcillin sodium

Back 29

Antiinfective used for gram-positive infections.

Side effects: Superinfection

Front 30

Cloxacillin sodium

Back 30

Antiinfective used for gram-positive infections.

Side effects: Superinfection

Front 31

Dicloxacillin sodium

Back 31

Antiinfective used for gram-positive infections.

Side effects: Superinfection

Front 32

Ampicillin

Back 32

Broad spectrum antiinfective.

Side effects: Diarrhea, GI distress, rash. Superinfection.

Front 33

Ticarcillin + Clavulanate (Timentin)

Back 33

Broad spectrum antiinfective.

Side effects: Diarrhea, GI distress. Superinfection.

Front 34

Piperacillin + Tazobactam (Zosyn)

Back 34

Broad spectrum antiinfective.

Side effects: Diarrhea, GI distress. Superinfection.

Front 35

Ampicillin + Sulbactam (Unasyn)

Back 35

Broad spectrum antiinfective.

Side effects: Diarrhea, GI distress. Superinfection.

Front 36

What are tetracyclines?

Back 36

Broad spectrum antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis. Commonly used to treat acne and rosacea

Front 37

Tetracycline HCL

Back 37

Tetracycline.

Side effect: photosensativity

Front 38

Doxycycline hyclate (Vibramycin)

Back 38

Tetracycline.

Side effect: Photosensativity

Front 39

Gentamicin sulfate

Back 39

Antiinfective used to treat gram-negative bacteria.

Side effect: Nephrotoxicity. Ototoxicity Neuromuscular blockade.

Front 40

Tobramycin sulfate (Nebcin)

Back 40

Antiinfective used to treat gram-negative bacteria.

Side effect: Nephrotoxicity. Ototoxicity Neuromuscular blockade.

Front 41

Amikacin sulfate

Back 41

Antiinfective used to treat gram-negative bacteria.

Side effect: Nephrotoxicity. Ototoxicity Neuromuscular blockade.

Front 42

Vancomycin hydrochloride

Back 42

Antiinfective used primarily to treat infections of the intestines that cause colitis.

Side effect: Nephrotoxicity. Ototoxicity Neuromuscular blockade.

Front 43

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Back 43

Antiinfective used to treat gram-negative bacteria.

Side effect: Nephrotoxicity. Ototoxicity Neuromuscular blockade.

Front 44

What are cephalosporins?

Back 44

The most commonly prescribed antibiotics

Front 45

Cefazolin (Kefzol)

Back 45

First generation cephalosporin used to treat gram positive streptococci.

Side effects: Thrombophlebitis. GI distress.

Front 46

Cephalexin (Keflex)

Back 46

First generation cephalosporin used to treat UTI's, RTI's and soft tissue infections.

Side effects: Thrombophlebitis. GI distress.

Front 47

Cefaclor (Ceclor)

Back 47

Second generation cephalosporin

Side effects: Thrombophlebitis. GI distress.

Front 48

Cefuroxime (Ceftin-PO)

Back 48

Second generation cephalosporin.

Side effects: Thrombophlebitis. GI distress.

Front 49

Cefoxitin (Mefoxin)

Back 49

Second generation cephalosporin. Broad spectrum.

Side effects: Thrombophlebitis. GI distress.

Front 50

Cefotaxime (Claforan)

Back 50

Third generation cephalosporin. Broad spectrum.

Side effects: Thrombophebitis. GI distress.

Front 51

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Back 51

Third generation cephalosporin. Broad spectrum.

Drug of choice for bacterial meningitis.

Side effects: Thrombophebitis. GI distress.

Front 52

Ceftazidime (Fortax)

Back 52

Third generation cephalosporin. Broad spectrum.

Often reserved for infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Side effects: Thrombophebitis. GI distress.

Front 53

Cefeprime (Maxipime)

Back 53

Fourth generation cephalosporin. Broad spectrum

Often reserved to treat severe nosocomial pneumonia and multi-resistant microorganisms.

Front 54

What are Carbapenems?

Back 54

Ultra-broad spectrum antibiotics that are typically restricted in use in order to avoid widespread bacterial resistance.

Front 55

Imipenem (Primaxin)

Back 55

Carbapenem. ultra-broad spread antibiotic.

Side effects: N/V, seizures.

Front 56

Meropenem (Merrem IV)

Back 56

Carbapenem

Side effects: N/V, diarrhea.

Front 57

Ertapenem (Invanz)

Back 57

Carbapenem

Side effects: rare.

Front 58

Aztreonam (Azactam)

Back 58

Gram-negative antibiotic often used in patients allergic to penicillin.

Side effects: CNS changes. EEG changes. Headache, diplopia, hypotension.

Front 59

What are Macrolides?

Back 59

Antibiotics used to treat patients allergic to penicillin.

Front 60

Clarithromycin (Biaxin)

Back 60

Macrolide.

Side effects: Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, dizziness, dyspnea.

Front 61

Azithromycin (Zithromax)

Back 61

Macrolide.

Side effects: Diarrhea,N/V, abdominal pain.

Front 62

Erythromycin

Back 62

Macrolide.

Side effects: dizziness. Dyspnea.

Front 63

What are Fluoroquinolones?

Back 63

Broad spectrum antibiotics that prevent the bacterial DNA strands from unwinding. Serious adverse effects occur more commonly with fluoroquinolones than any other antibiotic.

Common ending -floxacin

Front 64

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Back 64

Fluoroquinolone - antibiotic

Side effect: Peripheral neuropathy. Acute liver failure. Toxic Epidermal Necrosis. Severe CNS disorders.

Front 65

Levofloxacin (Levaquin)

Back 65

Fluoroquinolone. Used to treat severe or life threatening infections.

Side effects: Peripheral neuropathy. Acute liver failure. Toxic Epidermal Necrosis. Severe CNS disorders.

Front 66

Clindamycin HCL (Cleocin HCL)

Back 66

Antibiotic used to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in aids.

Side effects: Agranulocytosis C-diff.

Front 67

Quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid)

Back 67

Antibiotic used to treat vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE).

Side effects: Arthralgia/myalgia, N/V, diarrhea, rash, pruritis.

Front 68

Linezolid (Zyvox)

Back 68

Antibiotic. Used to treat gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to several other antibiotics. Useful against MRSA and Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)

Side effects: GI disturbance, headache, pancytopenia.