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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 main cancer treatments
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chemotherapy
radiation surgery (cutting off tissue) |
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2 primary causes of cancer
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1. diet
2. tobacco |
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characteristics of cancer cells
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-abnormal cell division
-abnormal chromosome configuration -abnormal shape and size -grows and spreads rapidly -no useful function |
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carcinogens
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cause onco gene to be expressed can be:
-radiation -viruses -chemicals |
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benign vs malignant
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benign-harmless normal cells
malignant- non cemetrical grown at its own pace in all directions |
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pseudopia
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arms on cells- can metastacize (arms break off and spread)
can spread through lymphatics |
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top 3 cancers causing death for women
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-lung caner
-breast cancer -cancer of colon and rectum |
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top 3 cancers causing death for men
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-lung cancer
-prostate cancer -cancer of colon and rectum |
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top 3 cancers occuring in women
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-breast cancer
-lung cancer -cancer of the colon and rectum |
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top 3 cancers occuring in men
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-prostate cancer
-lung cancer -cancer of the colon and rectum |
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5 year survival rate of lung cancer
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less than 15%
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vitams and minerals with antioxidative properties
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A,C,E, betacarotine, solenium
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Free radicals
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-unstable compounds that can react with fats, proteins and DNA, damaging key cellular components.
-normal byproducts of energy metabolism -very reactive -not complete (unpaiared electrons on outer shells) |
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antioxidants
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react with free radicals and donate electrons, rendering them harmless
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dietary defense against cancer
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-eat a varied diet
-eat 5-9 servings of fruits and vegetables each day. choose a wide variety -eat high fiber foods -cut down on intake of fat and saturated fat -be moderate in consumption of salt-cured, smoked, and nitrite-cured foods. -be moderate in consumption of alcoholic beverages |
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major warning signs of cancer
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Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in the breasts Indigestion of difficulty in swallowing Obvious change in a wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness |
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function of the liver
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has over 100 functions
-detoxifies blood -secretes cholesterol -stores glucose -produces plasma proteins -produces bial |
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function of the gallblader
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stores bial
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function of the pancreas
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-produces insulin and glucagon
-secretes growth hormones -produces and secretes pancreatic juices which absorb proteins and carbohydrates in the small intestine |
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function of kindeys
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filter bloodr and control fluids, blood volume, and blood pressure
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four main biomolecules
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protein, carbohydrates, fats, and nucleotides
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amino acids
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essential and non essential strings that become proteins
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with heat protein ____
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denatures
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percent protein in recommended diet
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10-15% (50-60g)
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glucose and percent recommended
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C6H12O6
60-70% of diet extra glucose is stored as fat |
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glycolosis
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breaking down of glucose
glucose becomes ATP about 36 ATP/ glucose molecule |
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old food guide pyramid
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1.fats oils and sweets- use sparingly
2. Milk, yogurt and cheese group: 2-3 servings Dry beans, nuts, seeds, and meat substitutes group (vegetarians): 2-3 servings meats poultry and eggs group: 2-3 servings 3. Vegetable group: 3-5 servings fruit group: 2-4 servings 4: Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group: 6-11 servings |
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new good guide pyramid
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1. red meat and butter -use sparingly
white rice, white bread, potatoes, pasta, and sweets -use sparingly 2. Dairy or calcium supplement: 1-2 servings 3. fish, poultry, and eggs: 1-2 servings 4. nuts and legumes: 1-2 servings 2-4 - alcohol: in moderation unless contraindicated 2-4- mutiple vitamins: for most 5. Vegetables: in abundance Fruit: 2-3 servings 6. Whole grain foods: at most meals pland oils (olive, canola, soy, corn, sunflower, peanut, and other vegetable oils): at most meals 7. daily exercise and weight control |
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drug that regulates cholesterol levels
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statin
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cell membrane
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lipid bilayer- protects integrity of cell, promotes hormone production
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soluble vs insoluble fibers
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soluble- absorbed and digested, reduces some cancers, bonds with cholesterol
insoluble- not absorbed- cleans out excess bial |
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omega 3 fatty acids
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from seafood- reduce advancement of atheroscelerosis
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omega 6 fatty acids
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lower LDLs and VLDLs- may lower HDLs
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vitamins
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Organic, contain carbon, catalysts
some fat soluble and some fat unsoluble |
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minerals
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inorganic, do not contain carbon
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phytochemicals
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give plants color
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origional date rape drugs
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rohypnol and GHB
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3 classes of carcinogens
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-radiation
-chemicals -viruses |
