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117 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Percentage of abortions that take place in the first 12 weeks
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90%
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How many days after the last menstraul period may mifepristone (RU-486) be taken and still be effective?
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49 days
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For the first stage of labor to be considered complete, the cervical opening must dialate to
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10 cm
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In Colorado, 60% of STI's are in the population of what age what to what age?
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15-24 year olds
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What percentage of pregnancies are unplanned?
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50%
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contains testes
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scrotum
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kept at 93.6 degrees for normal sperm production
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scrotum
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sperm producing tubules that end in the epididymus
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seminiferous tubules
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stores sperm and leads to the vas deferens
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epididymus
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joins the ducts of the seminal vessicles inside the prostate gland
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vas deferens
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flank the urethra
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Cowper's gland
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tip of the penis
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glans
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Pathway of sperm ____>____>_____>_____
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seminiferous tubules > epididymus > vas deferens > urethra
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produce secretions that nourish and transport sperm
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seminal vessicles and prostate gland
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produces clear, musuc like fluid called preejaculatory fluid
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Cowper's gland
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Ovaries produce what 2 hormones?
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estrogen and progesterone
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In both females and males, adrenal glands produce
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androgens
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Testes produce
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testosterone
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Reproductive hormones are regulated by
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hypothalmus
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Hormone pathway _____ > _____ > ______
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hypothalmus > pituitary gland > overies, testes, and adrenal glands
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All zygotes start as females, but a Y on the 23rd chromosome stimulates
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the undifferentiated gonads to become testes > testosterone > male sex organs
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Puberty is induced by
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testosterone or estrogen and progesterone
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What are the two cycles of menstration
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ovarian and uterin
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the two physiological responses to sex
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vasocongestion (increased blood flow) and myotonia (increased muscle tension)
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What are the 5 phases of sex in order
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excitement, plateau, orgasmic, resolution, refractory-only for males
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Inflamation of the vagina due to organisms is
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vaginitis / yeast infection
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When endometrial tissue grows on the outside of the uterus its
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endometriosis
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Inflamation/ infection of the prostate gland is
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Prostatitis
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Painful, involuntary muscular contractions in the vagina that occur when sexual intercourse is attempted
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vaginismus
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What doesn't work for contraception
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douching, plastic wrap, urinating, specific positions, pulling out
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What are the 6 types of birth control methods?
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abstinence, natural, barrier, hormonal, intrauterine contraceptives, and surgical
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Hormonal methods of birth control methods alter a woman's hormones so that
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ovulation is prevented and the cervix and uterus are changed to make them less friendly to sperm or to a fertilized egg
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Serious side effects of hormonal bc are
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stroke, blood clots, and death
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Hormonal bc reduces your chance of getting what disease
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certain cancers
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The patch is applied how often
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weekly with one patch free week
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A vaginal ring is inserted how often
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once a motnh
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Shot-Depo Provera is injected where and when
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buttocks every 3 months
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Contraceptive implants are implanted where and for how long
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upper arm for up to 3 years at a time
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An emergency contraceptive must be taken within how many days of intercourse?
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120 hours (5 days)
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EC's work by doing what two things?
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stopping ovulation and preventing implantation of a fertilized egg
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Intrauterine Conraception or IUC is implanted into the urterus for long-term birth control. It works by
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making the uterus unfriendly to sperm or a fertilized egg
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The two surgical sterilizations are
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tubual ligation and a vesectomy
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Abortion is both artificially induced and spontaneous. Both are considered...
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an expulsion of an embryo or a fetus from the uterus before it is sufficiently developed to survive
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Abortion was illegal until
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mid 1800's
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In the 1900's abotion was
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illegal in nearly all states
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Courts began to invalidate anti-abortion laws in
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the 1960's
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Roe v Wade made new standards in
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1973
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The new standards of Roe v Wade were
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1st trimester - abortion left to judment of the woman
2nd trimester - the state may regulate 3rd trimester - a state may regulate and bar all abortions except those necessary to preserve the mother's life or health |
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States have passed laws to lower access to abortion through
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manditory couseling and waiting periods
insurance prohibitions parental consent for minors lower use of gov funding, employees, and facillities |
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Laws banning partial-birth abortion were found unconstitutional in
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2000
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In 2003 what happened with abortion that was declared unconstitutional the next year?
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Bush signed a ban on partial-birth abortion with no exceptions in woman's health risks
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In 2007, the Supreme Court did what in relations to abortion
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banned a specific procedure
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Colorado abortion laws are...
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hasn't repealed Roe v Wade
parental consent law - not enforced unenforced spousal notification law no manditory waiting period must be performed by a licensed physician state funds in cases of death, rape, and incest |
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Late-term abortions are sought by...
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teens
low-income women women nearing menopause |
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Public opinion about abortion is
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supportive depending on the circumstance
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The most common method of abortion is
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suction curettage (vacuum aspiration) - only first trimester
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Dilation and evacuation is a method of abortion in which
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cervix is expanded and emptied - used after first trimester for partial-birth abortions
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A medicinal abortion is a type of abortion in which the patient takes _____ and the lining and any fertilized egg is shed.
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Mifepristone
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The six issues to consider before becoming a parent are
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physicaly health and age (18-34)
financial relationship emotional support system beliefs |
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Twins a fraternal twin is ___ egg fertilized by ___ sperm an identical twin is ___ egg fertilized by ___ sperm.
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2, 2
1 egg that splits, 1 |
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Causes of infertility (inability to conceive after a year) for males include
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low sperm count (boxers v briefs for temp)
poor sperm motility sperm abnormalities blocked pathways |
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Causes of infertility (inability to conceive after a year) for females include
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lack of ovulation
obstruction of fallopian tubes due to PID or endometriosis other anatomical abnormalities ie thyriod disease |
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Signs of pregnancy include
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missed period
morning sickness increase size/ tenderness of breasts slight bleeding sleepiness, fatigue, emotional upset HCG pregnancy test |
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A cluster of cells is formed on the 4th day of fertilization called
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a blastocyst
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The blastocyst separates into 3 layers, the outermost shell becomes the
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placenta, umbilical chord, and aniotic sac
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Organ through which the fetus receives nourishment and empties waste via the mothers circulatory system is
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the placenta
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a membranous pouch enclosing and protecting the fetus is
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amniotic sac also contains amniotic fluid
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connects the placenta and fetus through which nutrients pass
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umbillical chord
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In the first trimester, what is developed
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heart, brain, liver, lungs, and sex organs
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Heartbeat can be heard in the __ trimester
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second
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Could live outside mom at
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six months / 2nd trimester
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In the third trimester, the fetus
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gains most of its weight, develops fat layers, acquires immunity, respitory and digestive systems develop.
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High-frequency sound waves to view the fetus is
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an ultrasound
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Amniotic fluid is removed and analyzed to detect birth defects is
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amniocentesis
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Surgical removal of a tiny section of choirionic vili (hairs) to be analyzed for genetic defects
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CVS chorionic villus sampling
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Maternal blood test used to help identify fetuses with neural tube defects, down syndrome, etc is
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a TMS triple marker screen
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A complication of pregnancy in which implantation occurs in the fallopian tube is
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Ectopic pregnancy
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A complication of pregnancy in which blood pressure because elevated and could be life threatening is
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Preeclampsia
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A complication of pregnancy in which there are abnormalities in the first few weeks that causes an abortion is
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Miscarriage
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A complication of pregnancy in which the baby weighs less than 5.5 lbs is
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Low Birth Weight (LBW) in which a baby is 5 times more likely to die in the first month
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Death of an infant less than a year old is called
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Infant mortality caused by
genetic disorders auto accidents SIDS |
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SIDS is caused when
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infants sleep on their stomach
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The first stage of birth consists of
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strong frequent rhythmic contractions to help efface/ thin and dialate cervix until its 10cm
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The second stage of birth (explusion) consists of
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mom pushing
crowning baby's head moves into birth canal baby is born! |
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The thirs/ last stage of birth consists of
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the uterus continues to contract iuntill the placenta is expelled
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The assessment of the baby's heart rate, respiration, color, reflexes and muscle tone make up the baby's
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Apgar score
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When a baby is removed through a surgical incision, its called
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a Cesarean section, also used if the mother or child's life is at risk
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Postpartum is
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the pain you feel untill about 3 months after childbirth, its a time of adjustment
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The country with the highest STD rate is
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US
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Syphilis is a bacterial STI exchanged though
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any opening in skin, mucous membranes through body fluid and can be treated by antibiotics
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The three stages of syphilis are
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primary - cancre, secondary - flu, late - damages organs, latent - no clinical signs
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The hallmark symptom of gonorrhea is
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pus, discharge and urethritis
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The hallmark symptom os syphilis is
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a cancre
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Epididymitis can be caused by
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Chlamydia
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Gonnorrhea is a bacterial STI spread through
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mucous membranes, exchange of body fluid can be treated with antibiotics
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There are two types of STDs...
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bacterial and viral
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The most prevalent bacterial STI in the US is
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Chlamydia
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Tranffered through
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all forms of sexial transmission can be treated by antibiotics
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Detection is difficult because the only possible symptoms are
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painful urination and discharge most people are asymptomatic
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PID can be caused by
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Gonnorhea and Chlamydia
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The leading cause of infertility and ectopic pregnancy is
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Chlamydia
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Viral STI's cannot be cured, but symptoms
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can be treated
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Herpes is a viral STI transfered through
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skin-skin contact, even when dormant its still contageous
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Cold sores and sores in the genitals are caused by
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Herpes
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Genital warts/ HPV is the most prevalent viral STI in the US transfered through
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skin-skin contact even without symptoms with over 100 different strains
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"Precancerous" genital warts are called
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cervical dysplasia
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Genital warts symptoms are
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many are asymptomatic, but may have warts, not necessarily painful
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What about HIV kills you?
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opportunistic infections because of the weak immune system
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HIV is spread by
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blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk
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Risk of transmission of HIV can be increased by
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lesions, blisters, and inflammation
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The symptoms of HIV are
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none just flu-like symptoms if sick from weak immune system
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AIDS is
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when HIV develops over about 10 years and is diagnosed due to infection or T cell counts
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Inflammation and permanent damage of the liver is caused by what STI?
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Hepatitis B
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Hepatitis B can be transmitted by
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Sexual intercourse or blood (raxors tatoos peircings etc haha) - more contageous than HIV
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The symptoms of Hepatitis B are
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flu-like, abdominal pain, jaundice, rash
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Hepatitis B is always infectious, but
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one can recover - also can be vaccinated by 3 shots
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ABCDEV stands for
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abstinence, be faithful, condoms, diagnosis, education, and vaccines
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