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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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tendon
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connects muscle to bone
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ligament
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conects bone to bone
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genetic factors affecting weight management
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*body structure (ecto, meso, endo) & shape (gynoid, android)
*bodyfat (adipocyte) distribution *metabolism (muscle fiber type distribution, hormones, etc.) |
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physiological factors affecting weight management
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*resting metabolic rate-effect of age, activity
*hormones that regulate cell growth, metabolism, appetite-testosterone, estrogen, leptin, cholecystekinin (CCK), peptide YY, gluconlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) |
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lifestyle factors affecting weight management
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*Eating habits-high fat, high sugar, calorie dense, portion sizes; "calorie intake increased 100-300 calories/day over past 2 decades
*physical activity- 15 min activity/ day vs. 150 min television/day *psycholigical- eating provides a powerful distraction from...loneliness, anger, boredom, sadness, inadequacy; food=family symbol of love, social gatherings, holidays, celebrations |
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tendon
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connects muscle to bone
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ligament
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conects bone to bone
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genetic factors affecting weight management
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*body structure (ecto, meso, endo) & shape (gynoid, android)
*bodyfat (adipocyte) distribution *metabolism (muscle fiber type distribution, hormones, etc.) |
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physiological factors affecting weight management
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*resting metabolic rate-effect of age, activity
*hormones that regulate cell growth, metabolism, appetite-testosterone, estrogen, leptin, cholecystekinin (CCK), peptide YY, gluconlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) |
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lifestyle factors affecting weight management
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*Eating habits-high fat, high sugar, calorie dense, portion sizes; "calorie intake increased 100-300 calories/day over past 2 decades
*physical activity- 15 min activity/ day vs. 150 min television/day *psycholigical- eating provides a powerful distraction from...loneliness, anger, boredom, sadness, inadequacy; food=family symbol of love, social gatherings, holidays, celebrations |
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Percent calories burned from physical activity
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10-40
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Percent calories burned from food digestion
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5-15
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Percent calories burned from resting metabolism
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55-75
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ectomorph
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*small bones, thin muscles, slender arms and legs, narrow chest, round shoulders, flat abdomen, small buttocks
*higher metabolic rate, fewer adopocytes, more type 1 fibers |
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mesomorph
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*firm, well-developed muscles, large bones, broad shoulders, muscular arms, trim waist, muscular buttocks, powerful legs
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endomorph
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*high percentage of body fat, short neck, large abdomen, wide hips, round full buttocks, wide hips, short heavy legs
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dexicamly
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can detect weakness in bone tussue
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isometric
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-exercises in which the muscle contracts against an immovable object (e.g wall)
-involves static contractions -used in rehab -only improves strength at one joint angle -static contractions cause increase in blood pressure |
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isotonic
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-exercises that involve lifting a set/constant weight to strengthen a muscle though a range of motion (e.g., barbells, dumbels, machines)
-Easy and inexpensive |
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Isokinetic
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-Machine exercises that involve lifting a "variable" resistance through a range of motion; can involve concentric and eccentric and static contractions
-used in rehab -very expensive -machines can allow varying resistance |
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Type I fibers (slowtwitch oxidative)
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color-red
blood supply-many O2 supply-many Tritch Rate- Slow Metabolism-oxidative Force production-Low Fatigue resistance- high Activity- Aerobic endurance |
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Type IIA fibers (FOG)
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twitch rate- fast
color- pink(white) blood supply- moderate O2 supply- moderate Metabolism- oxidative/glycotic Force production-moderate Fatigue resistance-high Activity- cross training |
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Type IIB fibers (
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twitch rate- fast
color- white blood supply- few oxygen supply- few metabolism- glycotic Force production- high Fatigue resistance- low Activity- strength |
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concentric contractions
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muscle action in which the muscle fiber length shortens during contraction (force production)
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eccentric contractions
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muscle action in which the muscle fiber lengthens (returns to normal resting length) during contraction (a.k.a. "negatives")
*secret to body building |
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static contraction
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muscle action in which the muscle exherts force but there is minimal change in fiber length
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