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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the largest HV?
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Cytomegalovirus
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What are the smallest HV?
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VZV amd human herpes 7
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Where does HSV go latent?
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DRG
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What are the three Alpha HV?
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1. HSV-1
2. HSV-2 3. VZV |
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What things seem to reactivate HSV?
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Stress, fever, UV light or menses
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What seems to reactivate VZV?
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Senescence of the immune system
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What type of genome do all HV have?
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Circular dsDNA
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Which two glycoproteins on HSV are the most potent inducers of antibodies? Which is more dominant in producing an immune response?
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1. Glycoprotein C
2. Glycoprotein D 3. Glycoprotein D is more dominant |
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Are most primary infections to HSV symptomatic or asymptomatic?
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Asymptomatic
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What is the only gene expressed in the DRG?
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Latentcy Associated Trascript
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What are two life-threatening diseases associated with HSV?
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1. Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
2. Neonatal herpes simplex |
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What is the function of Glycoprotein C? What is the function of Glycoprotein D?
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1. It identifies and binds to nectin receptors on the cell membrane
2. Entry of the virus into the cell |
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What are the three classes of viral replication genes in the nucleus?
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1. Alpha genes
2. Beta genes 3. Gamma genes |
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What is the purpose of the Alpha genes in HSV? What is an example of an Alpha gene?
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1. These genes "Rev-up" the virus so it is ready to replicate
2. Alpha-tif |
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What do Beta genes encode for?
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1. DNA polymerase
2. Thymidine Kinase |
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What happens to the host cell when Beta genes are expressed?
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Host cell machinery is shut down and the cell is committed to die.
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What are Gamma genes responsible?
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They are responsible for glycoproteins and structural aspects of the virus.
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Where is the virus packaged?
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Nuclear pore
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When are multinucleated giant cells prominent?
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During viral assembly in the cytoplasm.
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What histopathologic finding is pathoneumonic for Herpes but not HSV?
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Cowardy type A intranuclear inclusions
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What is unique about the HV genome?
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It is circular with a unique long segment and a unique short segment - both of which can invert to form a new circular DNA.
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What segment of DNA is thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase located on?
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The unique long segment
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Where can HV infect immunocompromised patients?
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1. Eye
2. Brain 3. Skin |
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How are HV infections spread?
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On mucosal surfaces
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Is HSV associated with any sort of cancer?
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No because it is epigenic.
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Adults who aquire HSV of the oropharynx are more likely to develop what?
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Mono-like syndrome
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Aquisition of HSV-1 is a product of what?
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Socioeconomic status
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The larger the amount of antiviral drug given during the prodrome of herpes labialis...
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The greater impact you will have on the healing of the disease.
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What is the percentage of transmitters of HSV according to PCR analysis?
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6%
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What is the mortality of desseminated neonatal disease?
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25%
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Primary infection in the absence of treatment lasts how long?
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3 weeks
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Recurrent infection with therapy usually lasts how long?
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3 days
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If a patient has recurrent vesicular lesions, regardless of the site, what should you be thinking?
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Herpes Simplex
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How do you distingiush between HSV-1 and HSV-2?
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Compare their GGs
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The sero prevalence of HSV-2 increases with....
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Age
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Transmission usually occurs when?
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In the abscence of symptoms
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Who are usually the transmitters, males or females?
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Males
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How do most cases of neonatal genital herpes come to light?
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Exposure to maternal genital secretions
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What does HSV in newborns cause?
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Encephalomalacia
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How would a newborn affected with neonatal herpes present?
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1. SZ
2. Vesicular rash on its right big toe |
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What is a common finding in people with herpes encephalitis?
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Focal encephalopathic processes with focal neurological findings. This is the most common cause for this in the US.
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What is the diagnostic method of choice for HSV-1 and HSV-2 in herpes encephalitis and neonatal herpes?
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PCR
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What is the drug of choice for any life-threatening HSV for VZV infection?
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Acyclovir
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Famciclovir is the prodrug of what?
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Penciclovir
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What is the prodrug of acyclovir?
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Valaciclovir
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Ganciclovir is used in the treatment of what?
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CMV
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What is the only antisense molecule used for infectious diseases?
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Fomivirsen
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Aciclovir, Valaciclovir and Famciclovir all work by...
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1. They are activated by thymidine kinase
2. They are then converted to triphosphate derivatives 3. They then all inhibit DNA polymerase |
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If someone is resistant to aciclovir treatment, what is the most probable reason for this?
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They are thymide kinase negative
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When does resistance usually occur?
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In immunocompromised patients
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How can you tell the difference between small pox and chicken pox?
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Chick pox blisters are all in different stages while small pox blisters are all in the same stage.
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Herpes Zoster is characterized by what?
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Localized dermatomal rash
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Herpes Zoster is caused by what?
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Reactivation of VZV by immunosenescence.
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VZV only recurs once in what type of patient?
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Immunocompetent patients
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The prevelance associated with shingles increases with what?
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Age
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What is the treatment of choice in a patient with shingles?
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Valaciclovir or famciclovir
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