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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Features of effective vaccines?
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1. safe
2. protective 3. sustained 4. induces naturlalizing antibodies and or T-cells 5. Practical 6. an effective vaccine probram provides herd immunity. |
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herd immunity?
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reducing the number of infected individuals that serve as the pathogens' reservoir
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confer
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giving honor or award
protection is conferred on the unvaccinated in a population when a certain theshold number of indiniduals is vaccinated. |
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passive immunization
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the injection of specific antibodies to provide protection against a pathogen or toxin.
note passive with regard to pts body. so this means that the body is passive throughout the process. |
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what are the characteristics of passive immunization?
1. does it provide new immune response? 2.how long does it take to provide protection? 3.does it provid memory or secondary response? 4. how long does it's effect last? 5. what mechanism it uses? 6. an example of where it is used? 7. does the baby get it? |
1. no
2. immediate protection 3. no 4. temporary 5. uses preformed immune components (gamaglobin) 6. mass exposure to Hep A 7. Occurs naturally with maternal antibodies -> fetus |
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breast feeding provides the baby with active or passive immunization?
exam question |
passive
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active immunization
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Treatment that provides immunity by challenging an individual's own immune system to produce antibody against a particular organism.
so here active means with respect to pts so the patient's body is taken into action and he would produce antibodies. |
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features of active immunization?
1. do you get new immune response? 2. does it provide immediate protection? 3. does it produce memory or secondary response? 4. is it temporary or permenant? 5. used proactively or reactively? |
1. yes
2. no, it is delayed 3. yes 4. permenant 5. proactively |
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what are the four types of vaccines? give 1-3 example for each.
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1. Live attenuated vaccines:
rubella, mumps, measles 2. Killed (whole organism) vaccines: influenza 3. Subunit or recombinant vaccines(protein and/or polysaccharides): Hepatatis B 4. Toxoids (denatured toxins): tetanus alive and well rubella, mumps and measles killed influenza who was a subunit of Hep B and sent him home with a Taxi (Toxid) that was tinted(tetanus) |
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what are adjuvants used for?
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to increase the efficacy of vaccines
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how is toxoid developed?
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A toxin has modified that is immunogenic and no longer pathogenic.
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How do attenuate a virus?
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1. the pathogeinc virus is isolated from a patient and grown in human cultured cells
2. the cultured virus is used to infect monkey cells 3. the virus acquires many mutations that allow it to grow well in monkey cells 4. the virus no longer grows well in human cells ( it is attenuated) and can be uesd as a vaccine. |
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how are the killed viruses prepared to be used as vaccines
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they are grown in cultured cells (human) or in eggs and then killed with chemicals or heat.
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for what infections passive or active immunization soon after exposure prevents to diminshes disease expression?
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measles, tetanus, rabies, small pox; HepA, HepB, non-Hep A and non-Hep B.
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Common adverse events with vaccines
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Greatest risk: active disease in immunocompromised pts with live virus vaccines
Fever in 5-26% of pts. Irritability, drowsiness, local pain, myalgia and rash may also occur, along with fussiness in babies. Pain, swelling redness at injection site in 16% of pts. Rare side effects (esp. pertaining to MMR vaccine): |
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what are the risks involved with MMR and DPT vaccines?
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There is a minor increased risk of febrile seizures
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what was hermel obsessed with?
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He was upset about the report that said MMR causes autism.
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why vaccinat? many of these diseases sound not very harmful?
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Because diseases we get vaccinated for have Adverse effects that could be deadly.
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point to know about dealing with ignorance?
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25% of parents believed that their child’s immune system could actually be weakened by too many immunizations.*
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...... is the first vaccine explicitly designed to prevent cancer induced by a virus
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The HPV vaccine
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Which of the following is an example of passive immunization?
Infection by Epstein-Barr virus Infection by rubella virus Infection by Plasmodium falciparum Injections of immune globulin Vaccination with Tdap |
Injections of immune globulin
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