Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Heredity |
The passing down of traits from parents to their offspring. |
|
|
Inheritance |
The process of these traits being passed down from parents to their offspring. |
|
|
Phenotype |
Observable traits. |
|
|
Experiments that discovered DNA |
Griffith- Bacteria phages convinced biologists that a specific kind of molecule was the root of genetic inheritance. As he carried out this experiment on rats any inducing/injecting bacteria cells in them. He came to the conclusion that chemical substances (DNA and proteins) from one cell are capable of genetically transforming another cell. |
|
|
DNA |
encodes genetic information |
|
|
Experiments that |
Hershey and Chase performed other bacterial phage experiment, and their results convince the scientific world that DNA was the genetic hereditary material. They carried out this experiment. To figure out the structure of DNA and how this structure enables the molecule to store genetic information and transmit it from parents to offspring. Steps: 1. Infection 2. Blending 3. Centrifugtion |
|
|
Structure of nucleotides |
Cytosine Adenine Guanine Thymine Uracil (in RNA ONLY) |
|
|
Structure of nucleotides |
Contain A phosphate group attached to a sugar with any of the 4 nitrogenous bases (either adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil in RNA) |
|
|
DNA consists of |
Antiparallel DNA strands that coil to form a double helix. With sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous bases attached to its backbone. |
|
|
Two parts of DNA used for coding of genetic material |
the third and fifth carbon atoms of adjacent sugar rings. These are known as the 3′-end (three prime end), and 5′-end (five prime end) carbons. |
|
|
DNA Damage |
Endogenous Exogenous |
|
|
Exogenous Damage |
caused by external agents such as: •ultraviolet radiation from the sun •other radiation frequencies, including x-rays and gamma rays •hydrolysis • viruses |
|
|
Endogenous damage |
Caused by attacks such as by •reactive oxygen species produced from normal metabolic byproducts (spontaneous mutation), and • replication errors |
