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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heredity |
the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. |
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Offspring |
offspring is the product of reproduction of a new organism produced by one or, in the case of sexual reproduction |
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Gene |
a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome, the order of which determines the order of monomers in a polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule which a cell (or virus) may synthesize |
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Genetic Trait |
A trait is a specific characteristic of an organism. Traits can be determined by genes or the environment, or more commonly by interactions between them. Thegenetic contribution to a trait is called the genotype. |
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Allele |
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
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Genotype |
the genetic constitution of an individual organism. |
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Phenotype |
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
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Dominant |
Heterozygous just means having two different alleles for a gene. One is usually dominant while one is recessive. Remember, recessive alleles are masked by dominant alleles. So, if a heterozygous genotype is present, then only the dominant trait will be seen |
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Recessive |
A recessive gene is a gene that gets trumped by a dominant gene. For example, your mom's recessive gene for blue eyes was trumped by your dad's dominant gene for brown eyes. That's how you got stuck with brown eyes. You might remember the word recessive from biology, where it most often appears. |
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Homozygous |
a pair of matching alleles, which are the two genes that control a particular trait. If both your alleles that determine blood type are O, you're homozygous — and you've got type O blood. |
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Heterozygous |
a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive — they're different. Like all words with the prefix hetero, this has to do with things that are different — specifically genes. |
