Heredity

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Heredity

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Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction

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Offspring

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offspring is the product of reproduction of a new organism produced by one or, in the case of sexual reproduction, two parents

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Gene

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A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity

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Genetic trait

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An inherited characteristic. A trait is a specific characteristic of an organism.

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Allele

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one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

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Genotype

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the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

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Phenotype

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the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

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Dominant

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most important, powerful, or influential.

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Recessive

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relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.

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Homozygous

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If you're homozygous, you've got a pair of matching alleles, which are the two genes that control a particular trait.

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Heterozygous

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The genetics term heterozygous refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive — they're different.

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cross

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The deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent.

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monohybrid punnett square

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a genetic cross made to examine the distribution of one specific set of alleles in the resulting offspring.

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F1 generation

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An F1 hybrid (or filial 1 hybrid) is the first filial generation of offspring of distinctly different parental types

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Simple dominance

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an inherited trait is coded for by a single gene and that gene has two versions, or alleles: the dominantversion and the recessive version.

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Incomplete dominance

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a genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, and therefore results in a new phenotype.

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Co-dominance

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a relationship between two versions of a gene.