Heredity

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heredity

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the passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring.

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trait

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characteristics that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive.

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genetics

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branch of biology that studies heredity.

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gamete

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male and female sex cells; sperm and eggs.

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fertilization

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fusion of male and female gamets

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zygote

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diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg

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pollination

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from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants, usually within the same species

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hybrid

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offspring formed by parents having different forms of a trait

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allele

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alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism

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dominant

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observed trait of an organism that makes

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recessive

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trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait

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law of segregation

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Mendelian principle explaining that because each plants has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gamets. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of alleles.

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phenotype

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outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes

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genotype

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combination of genes in an organism

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homozygous

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when there are two identical alleles for a trait