Herbs, Spices, And Medicinal Plants

Front 1

Herb

Back 1

A leafy temperate growing plant.

Front 2

Spice

Back 2

An aromatic vegetable from tropical zones used for seasoning.

Front 3

Medicinal Plant

Back 3

A plant used to treat ailments.

Front 4

Pharmacognosy

Back 4

Study of drugs that originate in plant and animal kingdom.

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Pharmacology

Back 5

Study of actions and effects of drugs.

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Allopathy

Back 6

To fight disease, the typical practice in Western medicine.

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Homeopathy

Back 7

Treatments with low doses of drugs that in normal doses produces the symptoms of disease.

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Naturopathy

Back 8

Utilizes different therapies to holistically treat, includes herbal medicine, acupuncture, nutrition, massage, and other therapies

Front 9

Avicenna

Back 9

Canon Medicinae - early listing of plants for medicinal use and treatments

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Brunfel

Back 10

Brunfels' Herbal - accurate descriptions of plants

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John Gerard

Back 11

Herbal - Used by physicians and apothecaries

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Culpepper

Back 12

The Herball - used common language

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Black Death

Back 13

Spurred need for spices as medicine.

Front 14

Marco Polo

Back 14

Traveled into China, and brought back tales, including those of their spices.

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Magellan

Back 15

Sailed for the Spanish seeking a westward route to the Spice Islands of the East Indies, circumnavigating the world.

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Prince Henry The Navigator

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Organized a school a shipbuilders and navigators.

Front 17

Black Pepper

Back 17

A spice grown in Vietnam.

Front 18

Mexican Yam

Back 18

Constituents used in birth control.

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Ginger

Back 19

A spice grown in India and China.

Front 20

Nutmeg and Mace

Back 20

Spices grown in Indonesia.

Front 21

Cinchona

Back 21

The bark of this South American plant can treat fever, disease, and malaria.

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Mustard

Back 22

A spice largely produced in Canada.

Front 23

Cinnamon

Back 23

A spice grown in Indonesia.

Front 24

Jimson Weed

Back 24

Used to treat asthma and rheumatism.

Front 25

Bloodroot

Back 25

Found in the Eastern US, used as emetic and respiratory aid.

Front 26

St. John's Wort

Back 26

Antidepressant activity.

Front 27

Ma Huang

Back 27

Active ingredient of many decongestants.

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Horehound

Back 28

Used in cough drops.

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Maca

Back 29

Found in the Andes of Peru, it is good for overall health.

Front 30

Sacha Inchi

Back 30

Cultivated commercially in Southeast Asia, it is a sort of superfood.

Front 31

Madagascar Periwinkle

Back 31

Contains vincristine and vinblastine, used to treat leukemia.

Front 32

Ginkgo

Back 32

Native to China, is used for memory and health of the mind.

Front 33

Pacific Yew Tree

Back 33

Found in the Pacific Northwest, contains Taxol which is used to treat various cancers.

Front 34

Podophyllum

Back 34

Found in the Eastern US, contains podophyllotoxin in roots, a phenylpropanoid which is used to treat cancerous growths.

Front 35

Milk Thistle

Back 35

Contains Silychristin and Silybin, flavonoids that protect the liver from toxins.

Front 36

Black Cohosh

Back 36

Plant in Eastern US that's used to treat menopause.

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Bilberry

Back 37

Used to improve eyesight, is found wild in Northern Europe.

Front 38

Roots

Back 38

Anchor the plant, absorb minerals, and absorb water through the tips.

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Primary Roots

Back 39

First roots to grow.

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Secondary Roots

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Roots that branch off from the initial.

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Adventitious Roots

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Roots from tissue other than roots.

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Legumes

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Have rhizobia bacteria to fix nitrogen for the plant.

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Stems

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Support leaves and flowers, transport water and nutrients, and photosynthesize.

Front 44

Aerial Stems

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Stems up in the air.

Front 45

Stolon Stems

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Stems above ground that worm along the bottom.

Front 46

Rhizome Stems

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Stems underground.

Front 47

Leaves

Back 47

Light interception, photosynthesis, and light signal for flowering and seasonal change.

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Flowers

Back 48

For reproduction.

Front 49

Sigmoid Curve

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Slow lag phase, then fast log phase, then slow senescence.

Front 50

Maintain Purity

Back 50

Use cuttings.

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N-P-K

Back 51

Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium

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Law of Diminishing Returns

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Use fertilizer till marginal cost is equal to the marginal gain.

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Plastic Covers

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Protect plants from frost.

Front 54

Keeping Plants Fresh

Back 54

Layers plants with ice, force cool air through them, or dowse them with cold water.

Front 55

Vernalization

Back 55

Promotion of seed germination and flowering of biennials by inducing cold.