Herbal Test 1

Front 1

Poppy

Back 1

Opium, Codeine

Front 2

Peruvian Bark

Back 2

Quinine - malaria
Quinidine - antiarrhythmic

Front 3

Willowbark

Back 3

Aspirin

Front 4

Foxglove

Back 4

Glycosides

Digoxin/Digitoxin

Block Na/K ATPase --> increase heart muscle contraction

Front 5

spurred rye, sorghum

Back 5

strong vasocontrictor, stimulator of smooth muscle

Front 6

St. Anthony's Fire

Back 6

Ergotamine - similar to 5-HT
Used for migraine, vascular insufficiency, block lactation, induction of labor.

Front 7

Calabar Bean

Back 7

Anti-cholinesterase

Neostigmine (atonic gut)
Pyridostigmine (M. gravis)
Rivastigmine (M. Alzheimer)

Front 8

Belladonna (Deadly night shade)

Back 8

muscarinic antagonists

Atropine and scopolamine

Later developments include ipratropium; trihexyphenidyl; pirenzepine; tropicamide; and tolterodine.

Front 9

Curae

Back 9

Arrow Toxin
Muscle Relaxant

Front 10

Pacific Yew Tree

Back 10

Taxol

mitotic inhibitor - tumor therapy

Front 11

camptothecin

Back 11

Quinoline based alkaoid
Topoisomerase inhibitor

Front 12

etoposide

Back 12

extract from mayapple
topoisomerase inhibitor
sold as VP-16

Front 13

What are vinblastin and vincristin

Back 13

inhibitors of microtubule formation

vinblastin - testicular tumor
vincristin - leukemia

Front 14

Madagascar Periwinkle/o Catharanthus roseus

Back 14

vinblastin and vincristin

Front 15

flavonoids

Back 15

secondary plant metabolite

antioxidant

Front 16

terpenes toxicity

Back 16

local irritants
GI signs and symptoms, aspiration, and pulmonary toxicity
Renal Toxicity
Allergenic potency

Front 17

chamomile

Back 17

may cause internal bleeding

CYP1A2 inhibition

Front 18

Agnus Castus

Back 18

inhibit prolactin

Front 19

Cassia

Back 19

hepatic, skeletal msucle, and brain toxin

Front 20

Cinnamon

Back 20

increased heart rate or GI motility

Front 21

Aristolochic acid

Back 21

carcinogen

kidney cancer

Front 22

Pennyroyal
Germander
Chaparral
Comfrey

Back 22

liver cancer

carcinogen

Front 23

What's an adulterant?

Back 23

Added substances to alter pharmacologic effects

Front 24

CYP450 inhibitors

Back 24

ketoconazole (anti-fungal)
grapefruit, wild cherry
St. John's Wort

Front 25

Equol

Back 25

Equol is metabolized from daidzein by intestinal bacterial flora

Soybean

Anticancer properties

Front 26

what's so significant about the variant alleles (G463A) of myeloperoxidase?

Back 26

Reduced risk of lung cancer.

Alanine Alanine - reduced risk of breast cancer
GG - high risk of breast cancer.

Front 27

Glutathione S-transferase polymorphism

Back 27

increase risk of cancer

may cause drug resistance

Front 28

St. John's Wort

Back 28

Inducer of CYP34A

It also contains ingredients that inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 (COMPLEX!)

Front 29

kava-kava, skullcap, valerian, hawthorn

Back 29

CNS depressant

Front 30

kava-kava

Back 30

CNS depressant
Muscle relaxation
Decrease nervousness, anxiety

Front 31

Cayenne Peppers

Back 31

Capsaicin
Pain relief, blood thinner

Front 32

Licorice

Back 32

treat stomach ulcers

may cause high BP

Front 33

Valerina

Back 33

CNS depressant
Sleep-aid

Front 34

Saw Pametto

Back 34

used for enlarged prostate and inflammation in urinary tract

Front 35

Feverfew

Back 35

used for heachaches, arthirist

anti-platelet property
may cause increase bleeding in patient taking anti-clotting medications

Front 36

Garlic

Back 36

Used for lowering blood cholesterol, tryglyceride levels and blood pressure

Anti-platelet

May increase bleeding.

Front 37

Goldenseal

Back 37

mild laxative and reduce inflammation

may increase BP

Front 38

Ginseng

Back 38

Increase physical stamina and mental concentration

may increase BP

anti-platelet --> increase risk of bleeding

Front 39

St. John Wort can reduce effectiveness of which drugs?

Back 39

warfarin (decrease effectiveness)
cyclosporin
digoxin
protease inhibitor
SSRI
oral contraceptives

Front 40

Huperzine A

Back 40

Anticholinesterase

Front 41

Galanthamine

Back 41

Anticholinesterase

Front 42

Common snow drop
Spider lily
Daffodiil

Back 42

Galanthamine - Anticholinesterase

Front 43

Chinese Club Moss

Back 43

Huperzine A

Anticholinesterase

Front 44

EGb761

Back 44

Extract of ginko biloba

antioxidant
anti-platelet
- increase of tolerance to brain hypoxia
- inhibition of edema formation

Front 45

Curcumin

Back 45

reported to reduce amyloid formation (Alheimer disease)

Front 46

Ursolic acid...

Back 46

antioxidative properties
may reduce amyloid plague formation

Front 47

Arecoline

Back 47

brain-permeable muscarinic agonist of botanical origin

Front 48

BITC

Back 48

induce cell apoptosis in cancer

Front 49

INDOLE-3-CARBINOL

Back 49

oAnti carcinogenic
oAnti oxidant
oAnti atherogenic
oStimulator of detoxifying agent
oAbility to alters estrogen metabolism
oAnti microbial
regulates expression of phase I and II enzymes
I3C protects structure of DNA.

Front 50

Capsaicin

Back 50

found in chilli pepper
anti-cancer properties
used for pain also.

Front 51

Metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 and its binding to DNA is inhibited by...

Back 51

Capsaicin

Front 52

Triphala

Back 52

cleaning agent; blood cleanser

improves digestion, reduce cholesterol, improves circulation, reduce BP, improves liver, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive

Front 53

L-Theanine

Back 53

increase level of GABA and serotonin

Relieving anxiety
Promoting relaxation
200mg QD