Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What property of alkaloids is reflected in their name and what is their unique chemical property?
|
Alkaline
Nitrogen group on end |
|
|
What is the best solvent for alkaloids?
|
Alcohol
|
|
|
What ending do alkaloids have?
|
-ine
|
|
|
What are the plants that berberine and hydrastine are extracted from?
|
Berberis species
Hydrastis canadensis |
|
|
What are two powerful pain-killing alkaloids?
|
codeine
morphine |
|
|
What is the overall property of alkaloids?
|
Powerful plant constituents
|
|
|
What is the overall value of tannins?
|
Astringency - dryness
|
|
|
Should you take tannin rich herbs at meal times?
|
No as they bind to proteins
|
|
|
Are tannins water or alcohol soluble?
|
Water
|
|
|
What is the property of tannins that produces the drying effect?
|
Oligomeric procyanins (OPC's)
|
|
|
Why are tannin rich herbs good for gargles/sore throats?
|
As they are antimicrobial
|
|
|
What do tannins do to enzymes?
|
They inactivate them
|
|
|
What should you include with tannin rich herbs in a tincture of fluid extract?
|
Glycerol to stabilise
|
|
|
What is meant by a reflex action and not a direct action in herbal medicine?
|
They work as part of a systemic solution rather than directly on the problem/tissue
|
|
|
What is mucilage's main chemical component?
|
Polysaccharides
|
|
|
What are the two main actions of mucilaginous herbs?
|
Demulcent - soothing film over membrane
Emollient - softening and relaxing |
|
|
By what process do mucilaginous herbs act on respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems?
|
Reflex action
|
|
|
What is the best solvent for mucilaginous herbs?
|
Water soluble
|
|
|
What are the main properties of resins?
|
Astringent, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory
|
|
|
Are resins water soluble?
|
No
|
|
|
Name 3 resin plants
|
Cannabis sativa
Propolis Capsaicin annum |
|
|
What is the purpose of the resin in plants?
|
Wound healing
|
|
|
What is the usual colour of a flavinoid?
|
Yellow
|
|
|
What is the purpose of a flavinoid in a plant?
|
To attract bees/birds to help with pollination
|
|
|
What are 5 important flavinoids?
|
Rutin
Quercetin Kaempferol Apigenin Luteolin |
|
|
What are 5 important properties of flavinoids?
|
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-oxidant Hepatoprotective Cardioprotective Phyto-oestrogenic |
|
|
What are 4 herbs high in flavinoids?
|
Bilberry - Vaccinium myrtilis
Hawthorn berries - Crataegus spp. St Mary's thistle - Silyburum marianum Chamomile - Matricaria recutita |
|
|
What was the original name for flavinoids before the 1950's?
|
Vitamin P
|
|
|
What is pharmacognosy?
|
The study of active constituents of plant medicines
|
|
|
Which plant component exhibits the most potent effects?
|
Alkaloids
|
|
|
Which of the following are water soluble?
Alkaloids Resins Flavinoids Mucilage Tannins |
Tannins
Flavinoids Mucilage |
|
|
What is the group isoflavinoids best known to do?
|
act as Phyto-oestrogen
|
|
|
What does the ending -oid indicate?
|
Group of substances
|
|
|
What is the most notable characteristic of tannins?
|
Astringency
|
|
|
How do tannins help with diarrhoea?
|
They dry up mucous secretions and decrease permeability of mucous membranes
|
|
|
Note what family the following belong to ?
|
OPC - tannin
Kaempferol, Rutin, Quercetin, Genistein (iso), Apigenin - Flavinoid Mucopolysaccharide - mucilage Hydrastine, Morphine -alkaloid |
|
|
Which class of plant family is best known as best both demulcent and emollient?
|
Mucilage
|
|
|
What is the process where you treat one part of the body to get an effect in a different part of the body called?
|
Reflex action
|
|
|
What types of pplant products are high in flavinois
|
Highly coloured fruit and vegetables
|
